Copyright Law of the People’s Republic of China (Revision Draft, Submission Version)

National Copyright Administration

Revision Draft, Submission Version

Chapter I: General Principles

Chapter II: Copyright

Section I: Copyright holders and their rights

Section II: Copyright entitlement

Section III: The term of protection of copyright

Chapter III: Related rights

Section I: Publishers

Section II: Performers

Section III: Audio producers

Section IV: Radio stations and television stations

Chapter IV: The limitations of rights

Chapter V: The exercise of rights

Section I: Copyright and related right contracts

Section II: Collective copyright management

Chapter VI: Technological protection measures and rights management information

Chapter VII: The protection of rights

Chapter VIII: Supplementary provisions

Chapter I: General provisions

Article 1: In order to protect the copyright of creators of literary, artistic and scientific works, as well as the related rights of disseminators, encourage the creation and dissemination of works beneficial to the construction of a Socialist spiritual culture and material culture, and stimulate the development and flourishing of Socialist culture, science and economy, in accordance with the Constitution, this Law is formulated.

Article 2: Works of Chinese natural persons, legal persons and other organizations, regardless of whether they are published or not, are protected by this Law.

Works of foreigners and stateless persons are protected by this law on the basis of agreements concluded by their country of nationality or their country of habitual residence with China, or international treaties in which they participate together.

Works of creators from countries not having concluded an agreement with China or not participating together in an international treaty or stateless persons are protected by this law where they are published first in a member state of an international treaty in which China participates, or simultaneously in member states and non-member states.

Article 3: The page format design, performances, audio works and radio or television programmes of Chinese natural persons, legal persons or other organizations are protected by this Law.

The page format design, performances, audio works and radio or television works of foreigners and stateless persons, are protected by this law on the basis of agreements concluded by their country of nationality or their country of habitual residence with China, or international treaties in which they participate together.

Concerning foreigners from countries that have not concluded agreements with China or that jointly participate in international treaties and stateless persons, their audio works that are performed within the borders of China or that are produced and distributed within the borders of China, are protected by this Law.

Article 4: Works of applied art by foreigners and stateless persons, as well as the rights they enjoy on the basis of Article 14 of this Law, are protected by this Law where their country of nationality or habitual residence grants protection to Chinese rights holders.

Article 5: Works as named in this law refers to intellectual expressions in the literary, artistic and scientific spheres, having originality, which can be fixed in some form.

Works include the following categories:

(1) literary works, meaning novels, poetry, prose, theses and other works expressed in written form;

(2) oral works, meaning impromptu speeches, lessons and other works expressed in orally spoken form;

(3) music works, meaning songs, compositions and other works that can be sung or performed, with lyrics or without lyrics;

(4) dramatic works, meaning dramas, plays, operas, ballets, and other works performed on stage;

(5) quyi works, meaning comic sketches, clappertalk, drum ballads, storytelling, stories with string instrument accompaniment and other works with talking and singing as main forms of expression;

(6) dance works, meaning works expressing thoughts and feelings through continuous motions, postures, facial expressions, etc.;

(7) acrobatic art works, meaning acrobatics, magic, circus, comedy and other works expressed through continuous physical motion and dexterity;

(8) fine artworks, meaning drawings, calligraphy, sculpture and other two-dimensional or three-dimensional plastic artworks constituted of lines, drawings or other forms, having an aesthetic sense;

(9) applied artworks, meaning refers to toys, furniture, ornaments and other such two- or three-dimensional works of plastic art that have a practical function and have a an aesthetic significance;

(10) architectural works, meaning works having an aesthetic sense, expressed in the form of buildings or constructions, including the blueprints, design drawings, sketches and models that are the basis for their construction;

(11) photographic works, meaning artworks recording objective bodies the images of with the help of an apparatus on light-sensitive materials or other mediums;

(12) audiovisual works, meaning works fixed on a certain medium, composed of a continuous series of images with accompanying sound or without accompanying sound, and and that can be perceived with the aid of technological equipment, including films, television dramas as well as works created in ways similar to the production of films;

(13) charts and graphs, meaning engineering and design drawings or product design drawings drawn for engineering or production, as well as maps, schematic diagrams and other works reflecting geographical phenomena, illustrating material principles or structures;

(14) Solid works, meaning three-dimensional works produced for the production of products, displaying geographical terrain or explain the principles or structures of objects;

(15) computer programmes, meaning works that are expressed as source code or object code, used as commands for electronic computers or other information processing equipment,  where the same computer programme source code and object code is the same work;

(16) other literary, artistic and scientific works.

Copyright comes into being from the date of creation of the work, no formality must be performed.

The applied artworks of foreigners and stateless persons, where the country to which they belong or their country of habitual residence grants protection to applied artworks of Chinese creators, are protected by this Law. [Moved to Article 4].

Article 6: Related rights as named in this law, refers to the rights that publishers enjoy over the page layout of books or periodicals that they publish, the rights that performers enjoy over their performances, the rights that audio work producers enjoy over the audio works they produced, and the rights that radio stations and television stations enjoy over the radio and television programmes they transmit.

Related rights come into being from the date of first publication of books or periodicals using the page layout, the first performance occurs, the production of audio works is completed for the first time and radio or television programmes are transmitted for the first time, no formality must be performed.

Article 7: Copyright holders exercising their copyright and related rights holders exercising their related rights may not violate the Constitution and the laws, and may not harm the public interest.

The State conducts supervision and management over the dissemination of works according to the law.

Article 8: Copyright holders and related holders may register their copyright or related rights with the special registration organ established by the State Council administrative copyright management department. The registration documents are preliminary evidence for verification of the registered matter.

Fees shall be paid for registration, fee collection standards are provided by the State Council finance and price management department.

Copyright and related rights registration management rules are formulated separately by the State Council administrative copyright management department.

Article 9: Copyright protection extends to expression, and does not extend to ideas, processes, principles, mathematical concepts, operational methods, etc.

This Law does not apply to:

(1) Laws and regulations, State organ resolutions, decisions, decrees and other documents having a legislative, administrative or judicial nature, and their official translations;

(2) simple factual information reported through media such as newspapers, periodicals, radio stations, television stations, information networks, etc.;

(3) calendars, common numeral tables, common forms and formulas.

Article 10: Folk literature and art expression protection rules are formulated separately by the State Council.

Article 11: The State Council administrative copyright management department is in charge of nationwide copyright and related rights management work; local People’s Government administrative copyright management departments are in charge of copyright and related rights management work in their administrative areas.

Chapter II: Copyright

Section I: Copyright holders and their rights

Article 12: Copyright holders include:

(1) creators;

(2) other natural persons, legal persons and other organizations enjoying copyright according to this law.

Article 13: Copyright includes personal rights and property rights.

The personal rights of copyright include:

(1) the right of publication, being the right to decide whether or not to make the work known to the public;

(2) the right to sign a name, being the right to decide whether or not to make the identity of the creator known as well as how to make the name of the creator known;

(3) the right to protect the integrity of the work, being the right to permit other persons torevise the work as well as prohibit distortion or falsification of the work.

The property rights of copyright include:

(1) the right of reproduction, being the right to fix the work on a tangible carrier throughprinting, reprinting, recording, reproduction as well as digital and other methods;

(2) the right of distribution, being the right to provide the original work or reproductions thereof to the public through selling, donation or other ways of transferring ownership;

(3) the right of rental, being the right to permit other persons to temporarily use original audiovisual works, computer programmes or audio works containing works or reproductions thereof for payment, except where computer programmes are not the main object of rental;

(4) the right of exhibition, being the right to openly display original works of fine art, photographic works or copies thereof;

(5) the right of performance, being the right to openly perform the work in ways such as song, performance, dance, declamation, etc., as well as to disseminate works or performances of works to the public through technological equipment;

(6) the right of transmission, being the right to openly transmit the work or relay transmissions of the said work through wireless or cable means, as well as to relay transmissions of the said work to the public through technological means;

(7) the right of information network dissemination, being the right to provide the work to the public through wireless or cable means, causing the public to be able to obtain the work at an individually selected time and location, as well as to disseminate works provided through the abovementioned methods to the public through technological equipment;

(8) the right of adaptation, being the right to transform works into new works on other carriers or of other categories, or producing audiovisual products from written, music, dramatical and other such works, as well as to supplement, abridge, transform instructions and phrasing sequences or other changes in computer programmes;

(9) the right of translation, being the right to translate the work from one spoken or written language into a different spoken or written language;

(10) the right of film production, being the right to produce an audiovisual work of a work; other rights that copyright holders should enjoy.

Protection rules for the information network dissemination right and the right of pursuit are formulated separately by the State Council.

Article 14: After the original pieces of fine art and photographic works or the manuscripts of literary or musical works are transferred for the first time, authors or their heirs or legatees have the right to share in the profit if the owner of the original piece or manuscript sells the original piece or manuscript through the auction method with added value, this right may not be transferred or renounced, this right only belongs to the author, their inheritors and legatees.

Rules for its protection will be formulated separately by the State Council.

Where the country to which foreigners or stateless persons belong or that of their habitual residence recognizes that Chinese creators enjoy similar rights, they enjoy the rights provided in the above Paragraph.

Section II: Copyright entitlement

Article 15: Copyright belongs to the creator, except where this Law provides otherwise.

The natural person creating a work is the creator.

For works organized or invested in by legal persons or other organizations, created to represent the intention of legal persons or other organizations, published under the name of legal persons, other organizations or their representatives, and of which legal persons or other organizations bear responsibility, the legal person or other organization is considered as the creator.

Where there is no evidence to the contrary, the natural person, legal person or other organization signing the work is inferred to be the creator.

Article 16: New works produced by using existing works through methods such as adaptation, translation, annotation, arrangement, etc., are derivative works, their copyright is enjoyed by the deriver.

For using derivative works, the permission of the copyright holder of the derivative work and the copyright holder of the original work shall be obtained, and remuneration paid.

Article 17: The copyright of works created in cooperation by two or more persons is jointly enjoyed by the creators. Persons not having participated in creation, cannot become cooperative creators.

Where cooperative works may be used in portions, creators enjoy copyright individually over the part they created, but may not hamper the regular use of the cooperative work in exercising their copyright.

Where cooperative works cannot be used in portions, the copyright is enjoyed jointly by all creators, and exercise through unanimous consultation; where unanimous consultation cannot be reached, and there is no proper reason; no single party may obstruct other sides to use or permit other persons to use them, but the income shall be reasonably divided between all cooperative creators.

Where other persons infringe the copyright of cooperative works, any cooperative creator may raise a lawsuit in his own name, but compensation obtained shall be reasonably divided between all cooperative creators.

Article 18: Works compiling numerous works, portions of works or data not constituting works or other materials, that reflect originality in their selection or arrangement of contents, are compilation works, their copyright is enjoyed by the compiler.

For use of compilation works, permission from the copyright holder of the compilation work and the copyright holder of the original work shall be obtained, and remuneration paid.

Article 19: Movie producers using novels, music, dramatical or other works to produce audiovisual works, shall obtain permission from the copyright holder, and pay remuneration.

Without agreement to the contrary, the copyright holders of the abovementioned existing work enjoy exclusive rights over the use of the audiovisual work on the basis of Article 16, Paragraph 2.

The creators of films, television dramas and other such audiovisual works include directors, screenwriters as well as the composers of music specially created for the audiovisual work.

The division of property rights and interests in copyright for films, television dramas and other such audiovisual works is agreed upon by the producer and the creators. Where there is no agreement or the agreement is unclear, the property rights and interests in copyright are enjoyed by the producer, but the creators have the right to sign their name and to share in the profit.

The copyright of audiovisual works is enjoyed by the producer, but the original work’s creator, screenwriter, director, cameraman, lyricist, composer and other creators enjoy the right to sign a name

The original work’s creator, screenwriter, director, lyricist and composer have the right to obtain reasonable remuneration from other persons’ use of the audiovisual work.

Creators of scripts, music and other works in audiovisual works that can be used on their own, may exercise their copyright on their own, but may not hamper the regular use of the audiovisual work.

Article 20: Works created by employees in completing their work duties and during working hours are professional works, their copyright entitlement is to be agreed upon by the parties.

Where the parties have no agreement or the agreement is unclear, the copyright of professional work is enjoyed by the employee, but the copyright of engineering design drawings, product design drawings, maps, computer programmes and related files as well as works created by employees or news publishers, press agencies, radio stations or television stations in the completion of their reporting duties is enjoyed by the work units, and the creator enjoys the right to sign a name

According to the provisions of Paragraph 1 and Paragraph 2 of this Article, where the copyright of professional work is enjoyed by employees, the work unit may use the said work in their professional scope free of charge, and has an exclusive use right of two years.

According to the provisions of Paragraph 2 of this Article, where a professional work is owned by the work unit, the work unit shall grant the employee the corresponding reward on the basis of the quantity and quality of the created work, employees may publish the work they create in the form of compilations.

Article 21: The copyright of works created on entrustment is to be agreed upon by the parties.

Where the parties have no agreement or the agreement is unclear, the copyright of the entrusted work is enjoyed by side accepting entrustment, but the entrusting side may use said work within their professional scope free of charge.

Where the parties have not agreed upon a scope of use, the entrusting side may use the said work within the scope of the specific objective for which the work was created free of charge.

Article 22: Ownership transfer of the original copy of a work does not engender transfer of copyright.

The owner of the original copy of fine artworks and photographic works may display the said original copy.

When creators transfer the original copy of fine art or photographic works that has not been published to another person, display of the original copy of said work does not constitute infringement of the creator’s right of exhibition.

Where the original piece of fine artworks exhibited in public places is the only carrier of that work, the owner of the said original piece shall, before demolishing, destroying and other substantial facts, notify the creator in a reasonable period, the creator may protect his copyright through buy-back, reproduction and other methods, except where the parties have agreed otherwise.

Article 21: After creators pass away, the right to sign a name and the right to preserve the integrity of the work in their copyright are protected by the heir or legatee of the creator.

Where the are no persons to inherit copyright or no person to accept it as legacy, the right to sign a name and the right to preserve the integrity of the work are protected by the administrative copyright management department.

Article 24: For works not published during the creator’s lifetime, if the creator has not clearly indicated to not publish them, the right of publication is exercised by the heir or legatee for 50 years after the death of the creator; where there is no heir or legatee, the right to publication is exercised by the owner of the original copy of the work.

Article 25: Where copyright belongs to natural persons, after the natural person passes away, and the property rights in copyright are still within the term of protection provided in this Law, they are transferred according to the provisions of the “Inheritance Law of the People’s Republic of China”.

Where copyright belongs to legal persons or other organizations, after legal persons or other organizations change or terminate, and the property rights in copyright are still within the term of protection provided in this Law, they are enjoyed by the legal person or other organization taking over their rights and duties; where there is no legal person or other organization inheriting their rights and duties, they are enjoyed by the State.

Article 26: Where one cooperative creator passes away, and there is no one to inherit or no person to accept as legacy the property rights in copyright he enjoys in cooperative works, they are enjoyed by the other cooperative creators.

Article 27: Of works of which the identity of the creator is not clear, the copyright, apart from the right to sign a name, is exercised by the owner of the original copy of the work. After the identity of the creator is determined, the copyright is exercise by the creator or his heir or legatee.

Article 28: Newspaper and periodical publishers that conduct reproduction of already published newspapers or periodicals in digitized forms, and other users who reproduce them in digitized form or disseminate them to the public through information networks, shall obtain permission of the copyright holder. Concerning works of which the copyright protection period is not yet expired, where users have done their best to search for the rights holder without result, and conform to the following conditions, they may apply with an organ appointed by the State Council administrative copyright management department and use them after lodging a use fee:

(1) where the identities of the creator and the owner of the original copy are unclear ;

(2) where the identity of the creator is unclear, the identity of the owner of the original work is determined but he cannot be contacted;

(3) where the identity of the creator is determined but he cannot be contacted.

Concrete matters for the above paragraph, are formulated separately by the State Council administrative copyright management department.

Section III: The term of protection of copyright

Article 28: The term of protection of the right to sign a name and the right to protect the integrity of the work is not subject to limits.

Article 29: For works of natural persons, the term of protection of the right of publication and the property rights in copyright is the life of the creator and fifty years after his death; if it is a cooperative work, the term of protection is calculated from the death of the last creator.

For works of legal persons or other organizations, or professional works of which the copyright (apart from the right to sign a name) is enjoyed by the work unit and audiovisual works, the term of protection of the right of publication is 50 years, but where works have not been published for 50 years after completion of their creation, this Law no longer protects them; the term of protection of the property rights in copyright is 50 years after the work is published for the first time, but where works have not been published for 50 years after completion of their creation, this Law no longer protects them.

For applied artworks, the term of protection of the right of publication is 25 years, but where works have not been published for 25 years after completion of their creation, this Law no longer protects them; the term of protection of the property rights in copyright is 25 years after the first publication, but where works have not been published for 25 years after completion of their creation, this Law no longer protects them.

The term of protection as named in the previous three Paragraphs is to be calculated from 1 January of the year after the death of the creator, first publication of the corresponding work or completion of the creation of the work.

Photographic works of which the period of protection was expired before this law took effect, but which would still be within the period of protection on the basis of Paragraph 1 of this Article, are not protected by this Law.

The provisions of Paragraph 1 of this Article applies to the period of protection for the rights provided in Article 14 of this Law.

Article 30: For works where the identity of the creator is not clear, the term of protection of the property rights in copyright is 50 years, to be calculated from 1 January of the year after first publication of the said work. After the identity of the creator is determined, the provisions of Article 29 of this Law apply.

Chapter III: Related rights

Section I: Publishers

Article 31: Publishing as named in this law, refers to reproduction and distribution.

Page format design as named in this Law, refers to the design of the layout pattern of books and periodicals.

Article 32: Publishers have the right to permit other persons to use the page format design of books or periodicals they publish.

The term of protection of the rights provided in the previous Paragraph is 10 years to be calculated from 1 January of the year after the book or periodical using said page format design was published for the first time.

Section II: Performers

Article 33: Performers as named in this law, refers to natural persons performing literary or artistic works, or folk literature and art expressions through declamatory, singing, instrumental performance and other methods.

Article 34: Performers enjoy the following rights over their performances:

(1) indication of the identity of the performer;

(2) protection against distortion of the performer’s image;

(3) permitting other person to openly transmit their live performances through wireless or cable methods;

(4) permitting other persons to record their performances;

(5) permitting other persons to reproduce, distribute or rent records of their performances or reproductions of the said records;

(6) permitting other persons to provide their performances to the public with wireless or cable methods, causing the public to be able to obtain the said performance at an individually selected time and location, as well as disseminating performances provided in the abovementioned method to the public through technological equipment.

The term of protection of the rights provided in clause (1) and clause (2) of the above Paragraph is not subject to limits; the term of the protection of the rights provided in clauses (3) to (6) of the above Paragraph is 50 years, to be calculated from 1 January after the year the performance takes place.

The person receiving permission to use the work in ways provided in clauses (3) to (6) of Paragraph I of this Article shall also obtain permission from the copyright holder.

Article 35: Where performance organizers organize performances, the said performance organizer obtains permission of the copyright holder.

Article 36: Performers’ performances conducted in completion of their work duties and during working hours are professional performances, their rights ownership is to be agreed upon by the parties.

Where the parties have no agreement or the agreement is unclear, the rights to professional performances are enjoyed by performers, but the rights of collective professional performances are enjoyed by the performance work unit, the performers enjoy the right to sign a name.

Where, according to the provisions of Paragraph 1 and Paragraph 2 of this Article, the rights to professional performances are enjoyed by the performers, the performance work units may use the said performances free of charge within their professional scope.

Where, according to the provisions of Paragraph 2 of this Article, the rights to professional performances are enjoyed by the work unit, the work units shall grant rewards to the performers on the basis of the quantity and quality of performances. 

Article 37: Producers employing performers to produce audiovisual works, shall sign written agreements and pay remuneration.

The property rights and division of profits of audiovisual works as provided in Clause (5) and Clause (6) of Article 34 are to be agreed upon by the producer and the performers. Where there is no agreement or the agreement is unclear, the above mentioned rights are enjoyed by the producer, but the main performers enjoy the right to sign a name and to share in the profits.

Section III: Audio producers

Article 38: Audio products as named in this Law, refers to any work recording the sounds of performances or other sounds.

Record producers as named in this Law, refers to the first producer of audio products.

Article 39: Audio producers enjoy the following rights:

(1) to permit other persons to reproduce their audio products;

(2) to permit other persons to distribute their audio products;

(3) to permit other persons to rent out their audio products;

(4) to permit other persons to provide their audio products to the public through wireless or cable means, causing the public to be able to obtain the said audio products at an individually selected time and location, as well as disseminating audio products provided in the abovementioned methods to the public through technological equipment.

The term of protection of the rights provided in the previous Paragraph is 50 Years, to be calculated from 1 January of the year after the completion of the production of the audio product.

The person receiving permission to reproduce, distribute, rent or disseminate the audio product to the public through information networks shall also obtain permission from the copyright holder and performer.

Article 40: Where audio products are used in the following methods, their performers and audio producers enjoy the right to obtain reasonable remuneration:

(1) openly broadcasting audio products using wireless or cable means or transmitting broadcasts of the said audio products, as well as disseminating broadcasts of the said audio products to the public through technological equipment;

(2) disseminating audio products to the public through technological equipment.

Where the country to which foreigners or stateless persons belong or have their habitual residence recognize that Chinese performers and audio producers enjoy equal rights, they enjoy the rights provided in Paragraph 1 of this Article.

Section IV: Radio stations and television stations

Article 41: Radio and television programmes as named in this law, refers to signals transmitted for the first time by radio stations and television stations that carry sound or images.

Article 42: Radio stations and television stations enjoy the following rights over the radio and television programmes that they broadcast:

(1) to permit other persons to relay their radio and television programmes through wireless or cable means;

(2) to permit other persons to record their radio and televisions programmes;

(3) to permit other persons to reproduce recordings of their radio and television programmes;

The term of protection of the rights provided in the above Paragraph is 50 years, to be calculated from 1 January of the year after the first transmission of the radio or television programme.

Where persons receiving permission use works, performances or audio products according to the provisions of Paragraph 1 of this Article, they shall also obtain permission of copyright holders, performers and audio producers.

Chapter IV: The limitations of rights

Article 43: Under the following circumstances, works may be used without the permission of the copyright holder, and without paying remuneration, but the full name or appellation of the copyright holder, the name of the work and the source of the work shall be indicated, and it may not infringe other rights enjoyed by the copyright holder according to this Law:

(1) reproducing reproduce extracts from literary works already published by other persons for individual study or research;

(2) appropriately using other persons’ already published works in a work, to introduce or discuss a certain work or explain a certain question, the cited part may not constitute the main or a substantial part of the work of the quoted person;

(3) republishing or citing already published works where it is inevitable in media such as newspapers, periodicals, radio, television, information networks, etc., in order to report current news;

(4) newspapers, periodicals, radio stations, television stations, information networks and other media publishing or transmitting current affairs-type articles concerning political, economic or religious questions already published in other newspapers, periodicals, radio stations, television stations, information networks and other media, except where the creator has indicated his disallowance of use;

(5) newspapers, periodicals, radio stations, television station, information networks and other media publishing or transmitting speeches made in public assemblies, except where the creator has indicated his disallowance of use;

(6) translating or in small quantities reproducing already published works for classroom teaching or scientific research, for the use of teaching or research personnel; but these may not be published or distributed;

(7) State organs using already published works for implementing their duties within a reasonable scope;

(8) libraries, archives, memorial halls, museums, art galleries, etc., reproducing  the works stored in these facilities in order to display or preserve editions;

(9) free of charge performance of already published works, where the said performance does not collect fees from the audience, no remuneration is paid to the performers, and economic benefits are not gained in any other way;

(10) copying, painting or photographing or recording artworks installed or exhibited in outdoors public venues, or reproducing, disseminating or broadcasting the recording to the public, but it is prohibited to reproduce the said artwork in an identical manner, exhibit it or openly disseminate it;

(11) translating already published Mandarin spoken or written language works of Chinese natural persons, legal persons or other organizations into ethnic minority spoken or written language works for domestic publishing and distribution;

(12) translating already published works into Braille for publication;

(13) other circumstances

When using works in ways provided by the previous Paragraph, it is prohibited to influence the regular use of the work, and it is prohibited to unreasonably harm the lawful rights and interests of the copyright holder.

Article 44: Lawfully authorized users of computer programmes may engage in the following activities:

(1) installing the said computer on computers and other devices having information processing capacity on the basis of requirements for use;

(2) producing back-up reproductions to prevent damage to the computer programme. This sort of back-up reproductions may not be provided to other persons from use in any way, and when that person loses lawful authorization, he is responsible for the destruction of back-up reproductions;

(3) conducting necessary alterations in order to use the said computer programme in a real applied computing environment or improve its functions or functioning; without permission of the copyright holder of the said programme, the revised programme as well as devices or components specially used by the revised programme may not be provided to third parties in any way.

Article 45: Where, in order to study and research the design thinking and principles that computer programmes contain, lawfully authorised computer programme users use computer programmes through installation, display, transmission, storage or other means, they are permitted not to obtain permission of the copyright holder of the computer programme, and do not pay remuneration to them.

Article 46: When lawfully authorized users of computer programmes cannot obtain necessary compatibility information through regular channels, they may reproduce and translate the content of the part related to compatibility information in the said computer programme, without permission of the copyright holder of the said computer programme.

For using the information obtained according to the provisions of the above Paragraph, the use objective of computer programme compatibility may not be exceeded, it may not be used to develop, produce or sell virtually similar computer programmes, and may not be used for any activity infringing copyright.

Article 47: In the compilation of textbooks for the implementation of national compulsory education, according to the conditions provided in Article 50 of this Law, it is permitted to publish short portions of already published works or small literary works or music works, or single fine artworks, photographic works or graphs in the textbook without permission of the copyright holders.

Article 48: After literary works are published in newspapers or periodicals, other newspapers and periodicals may reprint them or publish them in digests or materials without permission of the creator, according to the conditions provided in Article 50 of this Law.

Newspaper and periodical publishers enjoy exclusive publishing rights over works they publish according to the authorization of the creator, and where they have made an indication that they prohibit reprinting or republishing in a clear position in newspapers or periodicals they publish, other newspapers and periodicals may not reprint or publish them.

Article 49: Radio stations and television stations may, according to the conditions provided in Article 50 of this Law, without permission of the copyright holder, broadcast their already published works; but when broadcasting audiovisual works, they shall obtain permission from the copyright holder.

The provisions of this Article apply to Chinese copyright holders as well as foreign copyright holders whose work is created in China.

Article 50: According to the provisions of Article 47, Article 48, and Article 49 of this Law, use of already published works without permission of the copyright holder must conform to the following conditions:

(1) applying or filing with the corresponding collective copyright management organization before the first time of use;

(2) indicating the full name or appellation of the creator, name of the work and source of the work at the time of using a specific work, except where such indication is impossible for technological reasons;

(3) directly paying use fees to the rights holder or paying them to rights holders through collective copyright management organizations, according to remuneration standards formulated by State Council administrative copyright management department within one month of using a specific work, and at the same time, providing the name of the used work, the full name or appellation of the creators, the source of the work and other corresponding information.

Collective copyright management organizations shall timely publish the filing information provided in the previous Paragraph, and establish work use situation consulting systems for rights holders to consult the work use situation and fee payment situation free of charge.

Collective copyright management organizations shall timely and within a reasonable period transfer the use fees mentioned in Paragraph 1 of this Article to rights holders.

Article 51: Where users have tried their best to find the rights holders of works of which the period of copyright protection has not yet expired, without result, and the matter conforms to one of the following conditions, it is permitted to use the work in digital form after applying with a body appointed by the State Council administratice copyright management department and posting a use fee:

(1) the identity of the copyright holder is unclear;

(2) the identity of the copyright holder is clear but it is impossible to establish contact.

Concrete implementation rules for the previous Paragraph are formulated separately by the State Council administrative copyright management department.

Chapter V: The exercise of rights

Section I: Copyright and related rights contracts

Article 52: Copyright holders may exercise the property rights in copyright through permission, transfer, establishment of pledges or in other legally permitted manners.

Article 53: For use of other persons’ works, a permission of use contract shall be concluded with the copyright holder, except where the provisions of this Law permit not obtaining permission.

Permission of use contracts contain the following main content:

(1) the name of the work;

(2) the rights categories and use methods permitted to be used;

(3) whether the use permission covers exclusive use rights or non-exclusive use rights;

(4) the geographical scope and time limit in which use is permitted;

(5) remuneration payment standards and methods;

(6) liability for breach of contract;

(7) other content that both sides believe should be agreed upon.

Remuneration payments for use of works are agreed upon by the parties, where the parties have no agreement or the agreement is unclear, remuneration is paid according to the market price or the remuneration standards formulated by the State Council administrative copyright management department together with other relevant department.

Article 54: Where the rights permitted to be used are exclusive rights, the use permission contract shall be in written form.

Where it is not clearly agreed upon in the contract that the rights permitted to be used are exclusive rights, it shall be considered that the rights permitted to be used are non-exclusive rights.

Where it is agreed upon in the contract that the methods permitted to be used are exclusive rights, but the content of the exclusive rights have not been agreed upon or the agreement is unclear, it shall be considered that the person receiving permission has the right to exclude any person, including the copyright holder, to use the work in any similar way.

Where newspaper or periodical publishers sign an exclusive publishing rights contract with copyright holders, but there is no agreement on the period of the exclusive publishing rights or the agreement is unclear, the exclusive publishing right period is inferred to be one year.

Article 55: Where it is agreed in book publishing contracts that book publishers enjoy exclusive publishing rights but the concrete content is not clarified, it shall be considered as book publishers enjoying the exclusive rights to publish books on the basis an original edition or revised edition of the similar written language within the geographical scope agreed upon in the contract, and during the validity term of the contract.

Article 56: Where book publishers reprint or republish works, they shall notify the copyright holder, and pay remuneration.

Where book publishers refuse to reprint or republish, after a book is sold out, copyright holders have the right to terminate the contract. Two order forms that have not been implemented within six months, sent by contract holders to book publishers, are considered as books being sold out.

Article 57: For transferring property rights in copyright, a written contract shall be concluded.

Rights transfer contracts shall contain the following main content:

(1) the name of the work;

(2) the categories of transferred rights and their geographical scope;

(3) the transfer sum;

(4) the day and method of payment and transfer;

(5) liability for breach of contract;

(6) other content that both sides believe should be agreed upon.

Article 58: Rights not having been clearly permitted or transferred by copyright holders in permission of use contracts and transfer contracts, without the agreement of the copyright holder, may not be exercised by the person receiving permission or the transferee.

Without the agreement of the copyright holder, the person receiving permission may not permit third parties to exercise the same right.

Article 59: Where exclusive licence contracts or transfer contracts with copyright holders are concluded, users may register with the special registration organs established by the State Council administrative copyright management department. Rights that have not been registered, may not be used in opposition against third parties of good will.

Fees shall be paid for contract registrations, fee collection standards shall be formulated by the State Council administrative copyright management department together with the State Council pricing management department.

Article 60: In case of pawning copyright, the pawning person and the pawnee conduct pawning registration with the State Council administrative copyright management department. Fees shall be paid for copyright pawning registration, fee collection standards shall be formulated by the State Council administrative copyright management department together with the State Council financial and pricing management departments.

Section II, Collective copyright management

Article 61: Collective copyright management organizations are non-profit social organizations exercising copyrights that are hard for to exercise or hard to control for the rights holder or related rights in a collective management manner, on the basis of authorization of copyright holders and related rights holders or legal provisions.

When collective copyright management organizations manage rights, they may advocate rights under their own name for copyright holders and related rights holders, and may act as a party in conducting copyright or related rights litigation or arbitration and mediation activities.

Article 62: Collective copyright management organisations shall provide use fee standards on the basis of the rights they manage, the said standards are announced in media appointed by the State Council administrative copyright management department, where there is objection, the State Council administrative copyright management department organizes a special committee to adjudicate, the adjudication is the final outcome, and during the adjudication period, use fee standard implementation will not cease.

The special committee mentioned in the previous Paragraph is composed of judges, officials from the supervising department of the collective copyright management organization, lawyers, etc. 

Article 63:Where collective copyright management organizations obtain approval from the rights holder and are able to represent the rights and interests in a nationwide scope, they may represent the whole body of rights holders in exercising copyrights and related rights for the dissemination to the public of already published public of musical or audiovisual works through self-service song-selection systems as well as other methods, except where rights holders have indicated a prohibition  of collective management in writing.

(1) radio stations and television stations broadcasting already published literary, musical, fine art or photographic works;

(2) self-service song-selection businesses disseminating already published musical or audiovisual works to the public through self-service song-selection systems.

When collective copyright management organizations transfer the corresponding use fees, they shall treat all rights holders equally.

Article 64: The right to remuneration that copyright holders and related rights holders enjoy on the basis of Article 14 and Article 40 of this Law, shall be exercised through the corresponding collective copyright management organization.

Article 65: Where two or more collective copyright management organizations obtain use fees for the same use method or the same user, they shall jointly formulate uniform use fee standards, and determine that one collective copyright management organization uniformly collects use fees through consultation. Collected use fees shall be reasonably divided byetween corresponding collective copyright management organizations.

Article 66: The State Council administrative copyright management department is in charge of nationwide collective copyright management work, and is responsible for the examination and approval, supervision and management of establishment, business scope, modification, cancellation as well as other registry matters of collective copyright management.

Other State Council controlling departments, within the scope of responsibilities of each, conducts supervision and management over collective copyright management organizations.

Article 67: Collective copyright management organizations’ establishment method, business scope, rights and duties, copyright permission fee collection and distribution, supervision and management, authorized use fee collection objection adjudication, and other matters are provided for separately by the State Council.

Chapter VI: Technological protection measures and rights management information.

Article 68: Technological protection measures as named in this Law, refers to effective technologies, devices or components that rights holders adopt in order to prevent or limit their works, performances, audio products or radio and television programmes being reproduced, scanned, enjoyed, operated, altered, or disseminated through information networks.

Digital management information as named in this Law, refers to information explaining the work and its creator, performance or its performers, audio product or producer, radio and television programmes and their radio and television stations, the information on rights holders of works, performances and audio products as well as radio and television programmes, information on use conditions, as well as digital information or code indicating the above information.

Article 69: In order to protect copyright and related rights, rights holders may adopt technological protection measures.

Without permission, no organization or individual may wilfully avoid or destroy technological protection measures, may wilfully produce, import or provide to the public installations or components mainly used to avoid or destroy technological protection measures, may wilfully provide technology or services to other persons to avoid or destroy technological protection measures, except where laws or administrative regulations provide otherwise.

Article 70: Without permission of the right holder, the following activities may not be conducted:

(1) Wilful deletion or change of rights management information, except where it is impossible to avoid deleting or changing them because of technological reasons;

(2) Knowingly or where it should be known that the corresponding rights management information is deleted or altered without permission, still providing the said works, performances , audio products or radio and television programmes to the public.

Article 71: Under the following circumstances, technological protection measures may be avoided, but the technology, devices or components for avoiding technological protection measures may not be provided to other persons:

(1) providing works, performances, audio products or radio and television programmes to small numbers of teachers or researchers for classroom teaching or scientific research, and it is impossible to obtain the said work, performance, audio product or radio and television programme through regular channels;

(2) with no aim of profit, providing already published literary works to blind people in unique methods that blind persons can perceive, and it is impossible to obtain the said work through normal channels;

(3) State organs implementing their duties according to administrative or judicial procedure;

(4) bodies with security monitoring qualifications testing the security of computers and their systems or networks;

(5) research on encryption or research on reverse engineering computer programmes.

Chapter VII: The protection of rights

Article 72: Those infringing copyright or related rights or violating duties concerning technological protection measures or the relevant rights management information as provided in this Law, shall bear civil responsibility to cease the infringement, cancel the influence, make a formal apology, compensate damage, etc., according to the law.

Article 73: When network service providers provide storage, search, linking and other purely technological network services to network users, they do not bear a duty to examine forcopyright or related rights information.

Where other persons utilize network services to conduct activities infringing copyright or related rights, the rights holder may notify the network service provider in writing, and require it to adopt necessary measures such as deletion, blocking, breaking links, etc. Where the network service provider adopts the necessary measures timely after receipt of the notification, it does not bear responsibility for compensation; where it does not timely adopt the necessary measures, it bears joint responsibility with the said infringers for the expanded part of the damage.

Where network service providers know or should know that other persons use their network services to infringe copyrights or related rights, and do not timely adopt the necessary measures, they bear joint liability with the said infringers.

Where network service providers instigate or assist other persons to infringe copyrights or related rights, they bear joint liability with the said infringers.

The provisions of the first Paragraph of this Article do not apply to network service providers providing other persons’ works, performances or audio products to the public through information networks.

Article 74: Where users use rights that are hard to exercise and hard to control for the rights holder, after paying members’ remuneration according to the contract signed with the collective copyright management organization, and non-member rights holders raise lawsuits for the same right and the same use method, users shall cease use, and compensate damage according to the corresponding collective copyright management use fee standards.

The provisions of the previous Paragraph do not apply in the following circumstances:

(1) where users know  that non-member rights holders have made a statement prohibiting exercise of rights using the collective management method, and still use their works;

(2) where non-member rights holders notify the user that he may not use their works, and the user still uses them;

(3) users, after ceasing use in implementation of non-member litigation and adjudication, use works again.

Article 75: Where computer programme reproduction holders do not know and also do should not know that the said programme is an infringing reproduction, they do not bear responsibility for compensation; but they shall cease the use and destroy the said infringing reproduction. Where owners of the copy of a computer programme needs to continue to the said computer programme, they shall obtain permission of the copyright holder of the computer programme.

Article 76: Where copyrights or related rights are infringed, when calculating the amount of compensation, rights holders may choose to request compentation on the basis of the real damage, the unlawful income of the infringer, a reasonable multiple of the rights transaction fee or 1 million Yuan or less.

To those wilfully infringing copyright or related rights two times or more, the People’s Court may, determine a value of compensation of two to three times the amount of compensation calculated on the basis of the previous Paragraph.

When the People’s Courts determine compensation, they shall include the rights holder’s costs for ceasing the infringing acts and reasonable expenses.

Under circumstances where rights holders have tried their best to gather evidence, but the ledgers and materials concerning the infringing act are mainly held by the infringer, the People’s Court may, for the sake of determining tehe amount of compensation, oblige the infringer to provide ledgers and materials related to the infringing act; where the infringer does not provide or provides false ledgers or materials, the People’s Court may determine an amount of compensation for infringement on the basis of the right holder’s position.

Article 73: In case of the following infringing activities destroy the Socialist market order at the same time, the administrative copyright management department may order cessation of the infringing activities, issue a warning, confiscate unlawful income, confiscate or destroy infringing goods and reproductions, where the amount of illegal business value is higher than 50.000 Yuan, it may also impose a fine of one time or more but less than five times the illegal business value, where there is no illegal business value, the illegal business value is hard to determine or the illegal business value is lower than 50.000 Yuan, it may impose a fine of 25.000 Yuan or less; where circumstances are grave, the administrative copyright management department may order the confiscation of materials, tools, equipment, etc., mainly used in producing infringing goods and reproductions; where it constitutes a crime, criminal responsibility is investigated according to the law:

(1) without permission of the copyright holder, reproducing, distributing, renting, exhibiting, performing, transmitting or disseminating their works to the public through information networks, except where this Law provides otherwise;

(2) without permission of the performer, transmitting or recording their performances, reproducing, distributing or renting audio products recording their performances, or disseminating their performances to the public through information networks;

(3) without permission of the audio producer, reproducing, distributing, renting or dissemination their audio products to the public through information networks, except where this Law provides otherwise;

(4) without permission of radio stations or television stations, relaying, recording orreproducing their radio or television programmes, except where this Law provides otherwise;

(5) those using works, performances, audio products or radio and television programmes over which other persons enjoy exclusive use rights;

(6) those using other persons’ works in violation of the provisions of Article 50 of this Law;

(7) those using copyrights or related rights that are hard to exercise or hard to control for the rights holder without permission, except under the circumstances provided in Paragraph 1 of Article 74 of this Law;

(8) producing or selling works passing off another person’s signature.

Article 78: Concerning the following unlawful activities, the administrative copyright management department may impose a warning, confiscate unlawful income, and confiscate devices or components mainly used in avoiding or destroying technological protection measures; where circumstances are grave, confiscate the corresponding materials, tools and equipment, where the amount of illegal business value is higher than 50.000 Yuan, it may also impose a fine of one time or more but less than five times the illegal business value, where there is no illegal business value, the illegal business value is hard to determine or the illegal business value is lower than 50.000 Yuan, it may impose a fine of 25.000 Yuan or less; where it constitutes a crime, criminal responsibility is investigated according to the law:

(1) without permission, wilfully avoiding or destroying technological protection measures adopted by rights holder, except where laws or administrative regulations provide otherwise;

(2) without permission, wilfully producing, importing or providing devices or components mainly used in avoiding or destroying technological protection measures to other persons, or wilfully providing technology or services to avoid or destroy technological measures to other persons;

(3) without permission, wilfully deleting or changing digital management information, except where this Law provides otherwise;

(4) without permission, and where it is known or should be known that rights management information are deleted or changed, still reproducing, distributing, publishing, performing, transmitting, or disseminating  corresponding works, performances audio products and radio and television programmes to the public through information networks.

Article 79: When administrative copyright management departments conduct investigation and prosecution of suspected unlawful activities, they may inquire related parties, and investigate situations related to the suspected unlawful activities; conduct on-the-spot inspection of the location and objects of the parties’ suspected infringing and unlawful activities; consult and reproduce contracts, invoices, accounts as well as other materials related to the suspectedinfringing and unlawful activity; and may seal up or detain venues or products suspected to infringe copyright or related rights.

When administrative copyright management departments implement their duties as provided in the above Paragraph, the parties shall grant support and cooperation, those refusing, obstructing or delaying the provision of materials of the above Paragraph without proper grounds, may be subject to warning by the administrative copyright management departments, where circumstances are grave, corresponding materials, tools and equipment are confiscated; where it constitutes a crime, criminal responsibility is investigated according to the law.

Article 80: Where the parties refuse to obey administrative punishment, they may apply for administrative redress with the related government organ within 60 days of the day of receiving the administrative punishment decision letter, or raise a lawsuit with the People’s Courts within three months of the day of receiving the administrative punishment decision letter, if no administrative redress is applied for or a lawsuit is raised, and the verdict is not carried out, the administrative copyright management department may apply for implementation with the People’s Court.

Article 81: Under the following circumstances, copyright and related rights users shall bear civil and administrative legal responsibility:

(1) where the publisher or producer of reproductions cannot prove that they have lawful authorization for publication or production;

(2) where network users cannot prove that they have lawful authorization for the works that they disseminate to the public through information networks;

(3) where renters cannot prove that they have lawful authorization for the original copies or reproductions of audiovisual products, computer programmes or audio products that they rent out;

(4) where distributors cannot prove that they have lawful authorization for the reproductions that they distribute.

Article 82: Where copyright holders or related rights holders have evidence to prove that other persons are carrying out or are about to carry out activities infringing there rights, that if not timely stopped may cause damage to their lawful rights and interests that is hard to remedy, they may apply with the People’s Court before suing to adopt measures to cease the relevant activities and preserve property.

When copyright or related rights holders apply for the preservation of activities, assets or evidence, the provisions on preservation of the “Civil Procedure Law of the People’s Republic of China” apply.

Article 79: In order to prevent infringing activities, and under conditions where evidence may be lost or hard to obtain in the future, copyright holders or related rights holders may apply with the People’s Courts before suing to preserve evidence .

After the People’s Courts receive applications, they must give a ruling within 48 hours; where it is ruled to adopt evidence preservation measures, their implementation shall begin immediately.

People’s Courts may order the applicant to provide a bond, where the applicant does not provide a bond, the application is rejected.

Where the applicant does not sue within 15 days of the People’s Court adopting evidence preservation measures, the People’s Court shall remove the preservation measures.

Article 83: People’s Courts hearing cases, they may confiscate the unlawful income, infringing goods and reproductions as well as the property used to conduct the unlawful activities of those infringing copyright or related rights.

Article 81: Where parties do not implement their contractual duties or do not implement their contractual duties conform to the conditions agreed upon, they shall bear civil responsibility according to relevant laws and regulations such as the “General Principles of the Civil Law of the People’s Republic of China” and the “Contract Law of the People’s Republic of China”.

Article 84: Parties in copyright and related rights disputes may apply for arbitration with an administration organ according to the “Arbitration Law of the People’s Republic of China”, sue with the People’s Courts, and may also apply for administrative mediation.

Article 85: Administrative copyright management departments may establish copyright dispute mediation committees, to be responsible for mediating in copyright and related rights disputes. The provisions concerning recognising mediation agreements of the “Civil Procedure Law of the People’s Republic of China” apply to the judicial recognition of mediation agreements.

The composition, mediation procedures as well as other matters concerning copyright mediation committees, will be provided separately by State Council administrative copyright management departments.

Article 86: Copyright holders and related rights holders may apply with Customs to investigate and prosecutes works that are imported or exported and suspected of infringing their copyright or related rights. Concrete rules are provided separately by the State Council.

Chapter V: Supplementary Provisions

Article 87: Copyright as named in this law also refers to author’s rights.

Article 88: The provisions of this law relating to copyright also apply to the limits and exercise of corresponding rights.

Article 89: The rights of copyright holders and related rights holders as provided in this Law, where they have not already exceeded the term of protection provided in this Law at the day this Law took effect, are protected according to this Law.

Infringing activities or breaches of contract occurring before this Law took effect, are dealt with according to the relevant laws, regulations and policies of the time the infringing act or breach of contract took place.

Article 89: This Law takes effect on (day) (months) (year)

中华人民共和国著作权法
（修订草案送审稿）
目 录
第一章 总则
第二章 著作权
第一节 著作权人及其权利
第二节 著作权的归属
第三节 著作权的保护期
第三章 相关权
第一节 出版者
第二节 表演者
第三节 录音制作者
第四节 广播电台、电视台
第四章 权利的限制
第五章 权利的行使
第一节 著作权和相关权合同
第二节 著作权集体管理
第六章 技术保护措施和权利管理信息
第七章 权利的保护
第八章 附则
第一章 总则
第一条 为保护文学、艺术和科学作品作者的著作权，以及传播者的相关权，鼓励有益于社会主义精神文明、物质文明建设的作品的创作和传播，促进社会主义文化、科学和经济的发展与繁荣，根据宪法制定本法。
第二条 中国自然人、法人或者其他组织的作品，不论是否发表，受本法保护。
外国人、无国籍人的作品，根据其所属国或者经常居住地国同中国签订的协议或者共同参加的国际条约，受本法保护。
未与中国签订协议或者共同参加国际条约的国家的作者和无国籍人的作品，首次在中国参加的国际条约的成员国出版的，或者在成员国和非成员国同时出版的，受本法保护。
第三条 中国自然人、法人或者其他组织的版式设计、表演、录音制品和广播电视节目，受本法保护。
外国人、无国籍人的版式设计、表演、录音制品和广播电视节目，根据其所属国或者经常居住地国同中国签订的协议或者共同参加的国际条约，受本法保护。
未与中国签订协议或者共同参加国际条约的国家的外国人和无国籍人，其在中国境内的表演或者在中国境内制作、发行的录音制品，受本法保护。
第四条 外国人、无国籍人的实用艺术作品以及根据本法第十四条享有的权利，其所属国或者经常居住地国对中国权利人给予保护的，受本法保护。
第五条 本法所称的作品，是指文学、艺术和科学领域内具有独创性并能以某种形式固定的智力表达。
作品包括以下种类：
（一）文字作品，是指小说、诗词、散文、论文等以文字形式表现的作品；
（二）口述作品，是指即兴的演说、授课等以口头语言形式表现的作品；
（三）音乐作品，是指歌曲、乐曲等能够演唱或者演奏的带词或者不带词的作品；
（四）戏剧作品，是指戏曲、话剧、歌剧、舞剧等供舞台演出的作品；
（五）曲艺作品，是指相声小品、快板快书、鼓曲唱曲、评书评话、弹词等以说唱为主要形式表演的作品；
（六）舞蹈作品，是指通过连续的动作、姿势、表情等表现思想情感的作品；
（七）杂技艺术作品，是指杂技、魔术、马戏、滑稽等通过连续的形体和动作表现的作品；
（八）美术作品，是指绘画、书法、雕塑等以线条、色彩或者其他方式构成的有审美意义的平面或者立体的造型艺术作品；
（九）实用艺术作品，是指玩具、家具、饰品等具有实用功能并有审美意义的平面或者立体的造型艺术作品；
（十）建筑作品，是指以建筑物或者构筑物形式表现的有审美意义的作品，包括作为其施工基础的平面图、设计图、草图和模型；
（十一）摄影作品，是指借助器械在感光材料或者其他介质上记录客观物体形象的艺术作品；
（十二）视听作品，是指由一系列有伴音或者无伴音的连续画面组成，并且能够借助技术设备被感知的作品，包括电影、电视剧以及类似制作电影的方法创作的作品；
（十三）图形作品，是指为施工、生产绘制的工程设计图、产品设计图，以及反映地理现象、说明事物原理或者结构的地图、示意图等作品；
（十四）立体作品，是指为生产产品、展示地理地形、说明事物原理或者结构而创作的三维作品；
（十五）计算机程序，是指以源程序或者目标程序表现的、用于电子计算机或者其他信息处理装置运行的指令，计算机程序的源程序和目标程序为同一作品；
（十六）其他文学、艺术和科学作品。
著作权自作品创作之日起自动产生，无续履行任何手续。
第六条 本法所称的相关权，指出版者对其出版的图书或者期刊的版式设计享有的权利，表演者对其表演享有的权利，录音制作者对其制作的录音制品享有的权利，广播电台、电视台对其播放的广播电视节目享有的权利。
相关权自使用版式设计的图书或者期刊首次出版、表演发生、录音制品首次制作完成和广播电视节目首次播放之日起自动产生，无须履行任何手续。
第七条 著作权人行使著作权、相关权人行使相关权，不得违反宪法和法律，不得损害公共利益。
国家对作品的传播依法进行监督管理。
第八条 著作权人和相关权人可以向国务院著作权行政管理部门设立的专门登记机构进行著作权或者相关权登记。登记文书是登记事项属实的初步证明。
登记应当缴纳费用，收费标准由国务院财政、价格管理部门确定。
著作权和相关权登记管理办法由国务院著作权行政管理部门另行规定。
第九条 著作权保护延及表达，不延及思想、过程、原理、数学概念、操作方法等。
本法不适用于：
（一）法律、法规，国家机关的决议、决定、命令和其他具有立法、行政、司法性质的文件，及其官方正式译文；
（二）通过报纸、期刊、广播电台、电视台、网络等媒体报道的单纯事实消息；
（三）历法、通用数表、通用表格和公式。
第十条 民间文学艺术表达的保护办法由国务院另行规定。
第十一条 国务院著作权行政管理部门主管全国的著作权和相关权管理工作；地方人民政府著作权行政管理部门主管本行政区域的著作权和相关权管理工作。
第二章 著作权
第一节 著作权人及其权利
第十二条 著作权人包括：
（一）作者；
（二）其他依照本法享有著作权的自然人、法人或者其他组织。
第十三条 著作权包括人身权和财产权。
著作权中的人身权包括：
（一）发表权，即决定作品是否公之于众的权利；
（二）署名权，即决定是否表明作者身份以及如何表明作者身份的权利；
（三）保护作品完整权，即允许他人修改作品以及禁止歪曲、篡改作品的权利。
著作权中的财产权包括：
（一）复制权，即以印刷、复印、录制、翻拍以及数字化等方式将作品固定在有形载体上的权利；
（二）发行权，即以出售、赠与或者其他转让所有权的方式向公众提供作品的原件或者复制件的权利；
（三）出租权，即有偿许可他人临时使用视听作品、计算机程序或者包含作品的录音制品的原件或者复制件的权利，计算机程序不是出租的主要标的的除外；
（四）展览权，即公开陈列美术作品、摄影作品的原件或者复制件的权利；
（五）表演权，即以演唱、演奏、舞蹈、朗诵等方式公开表演作品，以及通过技术设备向公众传播作品或者作品的表演的权利；
（六）播放权，即以无线或者有线方式公开播放作品或者转播该作品的播放，以及通过技术设备向公众传播该作品的播放的权利；
（七）信息网络传播权，即以无线或者有线方式向公众提供作品，使公众可以在其个人选定的时间和地点获得作品的权利；
（八）改编权，即将作品改变成其他体裁和种类的新作品，或者将文字、音乐、戏剧等作品制作成视听作品，以及对计算机程序进行增补、删节，改变指令、语句顺序或者其他变动的权利；
（九）翻译权，即将作品从一种语言文字转换成另一种语言文字的权利；
（十）应当由著作权人享有的其他权利。
信息网络传播权的保护办法由国务院另行规定。
第十四条 美术、摄影作品的原件或者文字、音乐作品的手稿首次转让后，作者或者其继承人、受遗赠人对原件或者手稿的所有人通过拍卖方式转售该原件或者手稿所获得的增值部分，享有分享收益的权利，该权利专属于作者或者其继承人、受遗赠人。其保护办法由国务院另行规定。
第二节 著作权的归属
第十五条 著作权属于作者，本法另有规定的除外。
创作作品的自然人是作者。
由法人或者其他组织主持或者投资，代表法人或者其他组织意志创作，以法人、其他组织或者其代表人名义发表，并由法人或者其他组织承担责任的作品，法人或者其他组织视为作者。
如无相反证明，在作品上署名的自然人、法人或者其他组织推定为作者。
第十六条 以改编、翻译、注释、整理等方式利用已有作品而产生的新作品为演绎作品，其著作权由演绎者享有。
使用演绎作品应当取得演绎作品的著作权人和原作品的著作权人许可。
第十七条　两人以上合作创作的作品，其著作权由合作作者共同享有。没有参加创作的人，不能成为合作作者。
合作作品可以分割使用的，作者对各自创作的部分单独享有著作权，但行使著作权时不得妨碍合作作品的正常使用。
合作作品不可以分割使用的，其著作权由各合作作者共同享有，通过协商一致行使；不能协商一致，又无正当理由的，任何一方不得阻止他方使用或者许可他人使用，但是所得收益应当合理分配给所有合作作者。
他人侵犯合作作品著作权的，任何合作作者可以以自己的名义提起诉讼，但其所获得的赔偿应当合理分配给所有合作作者。
第十八条 汇编若干作品、作品的片段或者不构成作品的数据或者其他材料，对其内容的选择或者编排体现独创性的作品，为汇编作品，其著作权由汇编者享有。
使用汇编作品应当取得汇编作品的著作权人和原作品的著作权人许可。
第十九条 制片者使用小说、音乐和戏剧等已有作品制作视听作品，应当取得著作权人的许可；如无相反约定，前述已有作品的著作权人根据第十六条第二款对视听作品的使用享有专有权。
电影、电视剧等视听作品的作者包括导演、编剧以及专门为视听作品创作的音乐作品的作者等。
电影、电视剧等视听作品的著作权中的财产权和利益分享由制片者和作者约定。没有约定或者约定不明的，著作权中的财产权由制片者享有，但作者享有署名权和分享收益的权利。
视听作品中可以单独使用的剧本、音乐等作品，作者可以单独行使著作权，但不得妨碍视听作品的正常使用。
第二十条 职工在职期间为完成工作任务所创作的作品为职务作品，其著作权归属由当事人约定。
当事人没有约定或者约定不明的，职务作品的著作权由职工享有，但工程设计图、产品设计图、地图、计算机程序和有关文档，以及报刊社、通讯社、广播电台和电视台的职工专门为完成报道任务创作的作品的著作权由单位享有，作者享有署名权。
依本条第二款规定，职务作品的著作权由职工享有的，单位有权在业务范围内免费使用该职务作品并对其享有两年的专有使用权。
依本条第二款规定，职务作品由单位享有的，单位应当根据创作作品的数量和质量对职工予以相应奖励，职工可以通过汇编方式出版其创作的作品。
第二十一条 受委托创作的作品，其著作权归属由当事人约定。
当事人没有约定或者约定不明的，委托作品的著作权由受托人享有，但委托人在约定的使用范围内可以免费使用该作品；当事人没有约定使用范围的，委托人可以在委托创作的特定目的范围内免费使用该作品。
第二十二条 作品原件所有权的移转，不产生著作权的移转。
美术、摄影作品原件的所有人可以展览该原件。
作者将未发表的美术或者摄影作品的原件转让给他人，受让人展览该原件不构成对作者发表权的侵犯。
陈列于公共场所的美术作品的原件为该作品的唯一载体的，原件所有人对其进行拆除、损毁等事实处分前，应当在合理的期限内通知作者，作者可以通过回购、复制等方式保护其著作权，当事人另有约定的除外。
第二十三条 作者死亡后，其著作权中的署名权和保护作品完整权由作者的继承人或者受遗赠人保护。
著作权无人继承又无人受遗赠的，其署名权和保护作品完整权由著作权行政管理部门保护。
第二十四条 作者生前未发表的作品，如果作者未明确表示不发表，作者死亡后五十年内，其发表权可由其继承人或者受遗赠人行使；没有继承人又无人受遗赠的，其发表权由作品原件的所有人行使。
第二十五条 著作权属于自然人的，自然人死亡后，著作权中的财产权在本法规定的保护期内，依照《中华人民共和国继承法》的规定转移。
著作权属于法人或者其他组织的，法人或者其他组织变更、终止后，著作权中的财产权在本法规定的保护期内，由承受其权利义务的法人或者其他组织享有；没有承受其权利义务的法人或者其他组织的，由国家享有。
第二十六条 合作作者之一死亡后，其对合作作品享有的著作权中的财产权无人继承又无人受遗赠的，由其他合作作者享有。
第二十七条 作者身份不明的作品，其著作权除署名权外由作品原件的所有人行使。作者身份确定后，其著作权由作者或者其继承人、受遗赠人行使。
第三节 著作权的保护期
第二十八条 署名权、保护作品完整权的保护期不受限制。
第二十九条 自然人的作品，其发表权、著作权中的财产权的保护期为作者终身及其死亡后五十年；如果是合作作品，其保护期计算以最后死亡的作者为准。
法人或者其他组织的作品、著作权（署名权除外）由单位享有的职务作品、视听作品，其发表权的保护期为五十年，但作品自创作完成后五十年内未发表的，本法不再保护；其著作权中的财产权的保护期为首次发表后五十年，但作品自创作完成后五十年内未发表的，本法不再保护。
实用艺术作品，其发表权的保护期为二十五年，但作品自创作完成后二十五年内未发表的，本法不再保护；其著作权中的财产权的保护期为首次发表后二十五年，但作品自创作完成后二十五年内未发表的，本法不再保护。
前三款所称的保护期，自作者死亡、相关作品首次发表或者作品创作完成后次年1月1日起算。
本法施行前保护期已经届满、但依据本条第一款仍在保护期内的摄影作品，不受本法保护。
本法第十四条规定的权利的保护期，适用本条第一款的规定。
第三十条 作者身份不明的作品，其著作权中的财产权的保护期为五十年，自该作品首次发表后次年1月1日起算。作者身份确定后适用本法第二十九条的规定。
第三章 相关权
第一节 出版者
第三十一条 本法所称的出版，是指复制并发行。
本法所称的版式设计，是指对图书和期刊的版面格式的设计。
第三十二条 出版者有权许可他人使用其出版的图书、期刊的版式设计。
前款规定的权利的保护期为十年，自使用该版式设计的图书或者期刊首次出版后次年1月1日起算。
第二节 表演者
第三十三条 本法所称的表演者，是指以朗诵、演唱、演奏以及其他方式表演文学艺术作品或者民间文学艺术表达的自然人。
第三十四条 表演者对其表演享有下列权利：
（一）表明表演者身份；
（二）保护表演形象不受歪曲；
（三）许可他人以无线或者有线方式公开播放其现场表演；
（四）许可他人录制其表演；
（五）许可他人复制、发行、出租其表演的录制品或者该录制品的复制件；
（六）许可他人以无线或者有线方式向公众提供其表演，使公众可以在其个人选定的时间和地点获得该表演。
前款第（一）项、第（二）项规定的权利的保护期不受限制；第（三）项至第（六）项规定的权利的保护期为五十年，自该表演发生后次年1月1日起算。
被许可人以本条第一款第（三）项至第（六）项规定的方式使用作品，还应当取得著作权人许可。
第三十五条 演出组织者组织表演的，由该演出组织者取得著作权人许可。
第三十六条 表演者在职期间为完成工作任务进行的表演为职务表演，其权利归属由当事人约定。
当事人没有约定或者约定不明的，职务表演的权利由表演者享有，但集体性职务表演的权利由演出单位享有，表演者享有署名权。
依本条第二款规定，职务表演的权利由表演者享有的，演出单位可以在其业务范围内免费使用该表演。
依本条第二款规定，职务表演的权利由演出单位享有的，单位应当根据表演的数量和质量对表演者予以奖励。
第三十七条 制片者聘用表演者制作视听作品，应当签订书面合同并支付报酬。
视听作品中的表演者根据第三十四条第（五）项和第（六）项规定的财产权及利益分享由制片者和主要表演者约定。如无约定或者约定不明的，前述权利由制片者享有，但主要表演者享有署名权和分享收益的权利。
第三节 录音制作者
第三十八条 本法所称的录音制品，是指任何对表演的声音和其他声音的录制品。
本法所称的录音制作者，是指录音制品的首次制作人。
第三十九条 录音制作者对其制作的录音制品享有下列权利：
（一）许可他人复制其录音制品；
（二）许可他人发行其录音制品；
（三）许可他人出租其录音制品；
（四）许可他人以无线或者有线方式向公众提供其录音制品，使公众可以在其个人选定的时间和地点获得该录音制品。
前款规定的权利的保护期为五十年，自录音制品首次制作完成后次年1月1日起算。
被许可人复制、发行、出租、通过信息网络向公众传播录音制品，还应当取得著作权人、表演者许可。
第四十条 以下列方式使用录音制品的，其录音制作者享有获得合理报酬的权利：
（一）以无线或者有线方式公开播放录音制品或者转播该录音制品的播放，以及通过技术设备向公众传播该录音制品的播放；
（二）通过技术设备向公众传播录音制品。
第四节 广播电台、电视台
第四十一条 本法所称的广播电视节目，是指广播电台、电视台首次播放的载有声音或者图像的信号。
第四十二条 广播电台、电视台对其播放的广播电视节目享有下列权利：
（一）许可他人以无线或者有线方式转播其广播电视节目；
（二）许可他人录制其广播电视节目；
（三）许可他人复制其广播电视节目的录制品。
前款规定的权利的保护期为五十年，自广播电视节目首次播放后的次年1 月1 日起算。
被许可人以本条第一款规定的方式使用作品、表演和录音制品的，还应当取得著作权人、表演者和录音制作者的许可。
第四章 权利的限制
第四十三条 在下列情况下使用作品，可以不经著作权人许可，不向其支付报酬，但应当指明作者姓名或者名称、作品名称、作品出处，并且不得侵犯著作权人依照本法享有的其他权利：
（一）为个人学习、研究，复制他人已经发表的作品的片段；
（二）为介绍、评论某一作品或者说明某一问题，在作品中适当引用他人已经发表的作品，引用部分不得构成引用人作品的主要或者实质部分；
（三）为报道新闻，在报纸、期刊、广播电台、电视台、网络等媒体中不可避免地再现或者引用已经发表的作品；
（四）报纸、期刊、广播电台、电视台、网络等媒体刊登或者播放其他报纸、期刊、广播电台、电视台、网络等媒体已经发表的关于政治、经济、宗教问题的时事性文章，但作者声明不得使用的除外；
（五）报纸、期刊、广播电台、电视台、网络等媒体刊登或者播放在公众集会上发表的讲话，但作者声明不得使用的除外；
（六）为学校课堂教学或者科学研究，翻译或者少量复制已经发表的作品，供教学或者科研人员使用，但不得出版；
（七）国家机关为执行公务在合理范围内使用已经发表的作品；
（八）图书馆、档案馆、纪念馆、博物馆、美术馆等为陈列或者保存版本的需要，复制本馆收藏的作品；
（九）免费表演已经发表的作品，该表演未向公众收取费用，未向表演者支付报酬，也未以其他方式获得经济利益；
（十）对设置或者陈列在室外公共场所的艺术作品进行临摹、绘画、摄影、录像并复制、发行以及向公众传播，但不得以该艺术作品的相同方式复制、陈列以及公开传播；
（十一）将中国自然人、法人或者其他组织已经发表的以汉语言文字创作的作品翻译成少数民族语言文字作品在国内出版；
（十二）将已经发表的作品改成盲文出版；
（十三）其他情形。
以前款规定的方式使用作品，不得影响作品的正常使用，也不得不合理地损害著作权人的合法利益。
第四十四条 计算机程序的合法授权使用者可以从事下列行为：
（一）根据使用的需要把该程序装入计算机等具有信息处理能力的装置内；
（二）为了防止计算机程序损坏而制作备份复制件；这些备份复制件不得通过任何方式提供给他人使用，并在本人丧失合法授权时，负责将备份复制件销毁；
（三）为了把该程序用于实际的计算机应用环境或者实现其功能而进行必要的改动；未经该程序的著作权人许可，不得向任何第三方提供修改后的程序以及专门用作修改程序的装置或者部件。
第四十五条 为了学习和研究计算机程序内含的设计思想和原理，计算机程序的合法授权使用者通过安装、显示、传输或者存储等方式使用计算机程序的，可以不经计算机程序著作权人许可，不向其支付报酬。
第四十六条 计算机程序的合法授权使用者在通过正常途径无法获取必要的兼容性信息时，可以不经该程序著作权人许可，复制和翻译该程序中与兼容性信息有关的部分内容。
适用前款规定获取的信息，不得超出计算机程序兼容的目的使用，不得提供给他人，不得用于开发、生产或者销售实质性相似的计算机程序，不得用于任何侵犯著作权的行为。
第四十七条 为实施国家义务教育编写教科书，依照本法第五十条规定的条件，可以不经著作权人许可，在教科书中汇编已经发表的短小的文字作品、音乐作品或者单幅的美术作品、摄影作品、图形作品。
第四十八条 文字作品在报刊上刊登后，其他报刊依照本法第五十条规定的条件，可以不经作者许可进行转载或者作为文摘、资料刊登。
报刊社对其刊登的作品根据作者的授权享有专有出版权，并在其出版的报刊显著位置作出不得转载或者刊登的声明的，其他报刊不得进行转载或者刊登。
第四十九条 广播电台、电视台依照本法第五十条规定的条件，可以不经著作权人许可，播放其已经发表的作品；但播放视听作品，应当取得著作权人的许可。
本条规定适用于中国著作权人以及其作品创作于中国的外国著作权人。
第五十条 根据本法第四十七条、第四十八条和第四十九条的规定，不经著作权人许可使用其已发表的作品，必须符合下列条件：
（一）在首次使用前向相应的著作权集体管理组织申请备案；
（二）在使用作品时指明作者姓名或者名称、作品名称和作品出处，但由于技术原因无法指明的除外；
（三）在使用作品后一个月内按照国务院著作权行政管理部门制定的付酬标准直接向权利人或者通过著作权集体管理组织向权利人支付使用费，同时提供使用作品的作品名称、作者姓名或者名称和作品出处等相关信息。前述付酬标准适用于自本法施行之日起的使用行为。
著作权集体管理组织应当及时公告前款规定的备案信息，并建立作品使用情况查询系统供权利人免费查询作品使用情况和使用费支付情况。
著作权集体管理组织应当在合理时间内及时向权利人转付本条第一款所述的使用费。
第五十一条 著作权保护期未届满的已发表作品，使用者尽力查找其权利人无果，符合下列条件之一的，可以在向国务院著作权行政管理部门指定的机构申请并提存使用费后以数字化形式使用：
（一）著作权人身份不明的；
（二）著作权人身份确定但无法联系的。
前款具体实施办法，由国务院著作权行政管理部门另行规定。
第五章 权利的行使
第一节 著作权和相关权合同
第五十二条 著作权人可以通过许可、转让、设立质权或者法律允许的其他形式行使著作权中的财产权。
第五十三条 使用他人作品，应当同著作权人订立许可使用合同，本法规定可以不经许可的除外。
许可使用合同包括下列主要内容：
（一）作品的名称；
（二）许可使用的权利种类和使用方式；
（三）许可使用的是专有使用权或者非专有使用权；
（四）许可使用的地域范围、期限；
（五）付酬标准和办法；
（六）违约责任；
（七）双方认为需要约定的其他内容。
使用作品的付酬标准由当事人约定，当事人没有约定或者约定不明的，按照市场价格或者国务院著作权行政管理部门会同有关部门制定的付酬标准支付报酬。
第五十四条 许可使用的权利是专有使用权的，许可使用合同应当采取书面形式。
合同中未明确约定许可使用的权利是专有使用权的，视为许可使用的权利为非专有使用权。
合同中约定许可使用的方式是专有使用权，但对专有使用权的内容没有约定或者约定不明的，视为被许可人有权排除包括著作权人在内的任何人以同样的方式使用作品。
报刊社与著作权人签订专有出版权合同，但对专有出版权的期限没有约定或者约定不明的，专有出版权的期限推定为一年。
第五十五条 图书出版合同中约定图书出版者享有专有出版权但没有明确其具体内容的，视为图书出版者享有在合同有效期内和在合同约定的地域范围内以同种文字的原版、修订版出版图书的专有权利。
第五十六条 图书出版者重印、再版作品的，应当通知著作权人，并支付报酬。
图书脱销后，图书出版者拒绝重印、再版的，著作权人有权终止合同。著作权人寄给图书出版者的两份订单在6个月内未得到履行，视为图书脱销。
第五十七条 转让著作权中的财产权利，应当订立书面合同。
权利转让合同包括下列主要内容：
（一）作品的名称；
（二）转让的权利种类、地域范围；
（三）转让金；
（四）支付转让金的日期和方式；
（五）违约责任；
（六）双方认为需要约定的其他内容。
第五十八条 许可使用合同和转让合同中著作权人未明确许可或者转让的权利，未经著作权人同意，被许可人或者受让人不得行使。
未经著作权人同意，被许可人不得许可第三人行使同一权利。
第五十九条 与著作权人订立专有许可合同或者转让合同的，使用者可以向国务院著作权行政管理部门设立的专门登记机构登记。未经登记的权利，不得对抗善意第三人。
登记应当缴纳费用，收费标准由国务院财政、价格管理部门确定。
第六十条 以著作权出质的，由出质人和质权人向国务院著作权行政管理部门办理出质登记。
登记应当缴纳费用，收费标准由国务院财政、价格管理部门确定。
第二节 著作权集体管理
第六十一条 著作权集体管理组织是根据著作权人和相关权人的授权或者法律规定，以集体管理的方式行使权利人难以行使和难以控制的著作权或者相关权的非营利性社会组织。
著作权集体管理组织管理权利时，可以以自己的名义为著作权人和相关权人主张权利，并可以作为当事人进行著作权或者相关权的诉讼、仲裁和调解活动。
第六十二条 著作权集体管理组织应当根据管理的权利提供使用费标准，该标准在国务院著作权行政管理部门指定的媒体上公告实施，有异议的，由国务院著作权行政管理部门组织专门委员会裁定，裁定为最终结果，裁定期间使用费标准不停止执行。
前款所述专门委员会由法官、著作权集体管理组织的监管部门公务员、律师等组成。
第六十三条 著作权集体管理组织取得权利人授权并能在全国范围内代表权利人利益的，可以就自助点歌系统向公众传播已经发表的音乐或者视听作品以及其他方式使用作品，代表全体权利人行使著作权或者相关权，权利人书面声明不得集体管理的除外。
著作权集体管理组织在转付相关使用费时，应当平等对待所有权利人。
第六十四条 著作权和相关权权利人依据本法第十四条和第四十条享有的获酬权，应当通过相应的著作权集体管理组织行使。
第六十五条 两个以上著作权集体管理组织就同一使用方式向同一使用者收取使用费的，应当共同制定统一的使用费标准，并且协商确定由一个著作权集体管理组织统一收取使用费。收取的使用费应当在相应的著作权集体管理组织之间合理分配。
第六十六条 国务院著作权行政管理部门主管全国的著作权集体管理工作，负责著作权集体管理组织的设立、业务范围、变更、注销以及其他登记事项的审批和监督管理。
国务院其他主管部门在各自职责范围内对著作权集体管理组织进行监督管理。
第六十七条 著作权集体管理组织的设立方式、业务范围、权利义务、著作权许可使用费的收取和分配，对其监督和管理，授权使用收费标准异议裁定等事宜由国务院另行规定。
第六章 技术保护措施和权利管理信息
第六十八条 本法所称的技术保护措施，是指权利人为防止、限制其作品、表演、录音制品或者广播电视节目被复制、浏览、欣赏、运行、改编或者通过网络传播而采取的有效技术、装置或者部件。
本法所称的权利管理信息，是指说明作品及其作者、表演及其表演者、录音制品及其制作者的信息、广播电视节目及其广播电台电视台，作品、表演、录音制品以及广播电视节目权利人的信息和使用条件的信息，以及表示上述信息的数字或者代码。
第六十九条 为保护著作权和相关权，权利人可以采用技术保护措施。
未经许可，任何组织或者个人不得故意避开或者破坏技术保护措施，不得故意制造、进口或者向公众提供主要用于避开或者破坏技术保护措施的装置或者部件，不得故意为他人避开或者破坏技术保护措施提供技术或者服务，但是法律、行政法规另有规定的除外。
第七十条 未经权利人许可，不得进行下列行为：
（一）故意删除或者改变权利管理信息，但由于技术上的原因无法避免删除或者改变的除外；
（二）知道或者应当知道相关权利管理信息被未经许可删除或者改变，仍然向公众提供该作品、表演、录音制品或者广播电视节目。
第七十一条 下列情形可以避开技术保护措施，但不得向他人提供避开技术保护措施的技术、装置或者部件，不得侵犯权利人依法享有的其他权利：
（一）为学校课堂教学或者科学研究，向少数教学、科研人员提供已经发表的作品、表演、录音制品或者广播电视节目，而该作品、表演、录音制品或者广播电视节目无法通过正常途径获取；
（二）不以营利为目的，以盲人能够感知的独特方式向盲人提供已经发表的作品，而该作品无法通过正常途径获取；
（三）国家机关依照行政、司法程序执行公务；
（四）具有安全测试资质的机构对计算机及其系统或者网络的安全性能进行测试；
（五）进行加密研究或者计算机程序反向工程研究。
第七章 权利的保护
第七十二条 侵犯著作权或者相关权，违反本法规定的技术保护措施或者权利管理信息有关义务的，应当依法承担停止侵害、消除影响、赔礼道歉、赔偿损失等民事责任。
第七十三条 网络服务提供者为网络用户提供存储、搜索或者链接等单纯网络技术服务时，不承担与著作权或者相关权有关的审查义务。
他人利用网络服务实施侵犯著作权或者相关权行为的，权利人可以书面通知网络服务提供者，要求其采取删除、断开链接等必要措施。网络服务提供者接到通知后及时采取必要措施的，不承担赔偿责任；未及时采取必要措施的，对损害的扩大部分与该侵权人承担连带责任。
网络服务提供者知道或者应当知道他人利用其网络服务侵害著作权或者相关权，未及时采取必要措施的，与该侵权人承担连带责任。
网络服务提供者教唆或者帮助他人侵犯著作权或者相关权的，与该侵权人承担连带责任。
网络服务提供者通过网络向公众提供他人作品、表演或者录音制品，不适用本条第一款规定。
第七十四条 使用者使用权利人难以行使和难以控制的权利，依照与著作权集体管理组织签订的合同向其支付会员的报酬后，非会员权利人就同一权利和同一使用方式提起诉讼的，使用者应当停止使用，并按照相应的著作权集体管理使用费标准赔偿损失。
下列情形不适用前款规定：
（一）使用者知道非会员权利人作出不得以集体管理方式行使其权利的声明，仍然使用其作品的；
（二）非会员权利人通知使用者不得使用其作品，使用者仍然使用的；
（三）使用者履行非会员诉讼裁决停止使用后，再次使用的。
第七十五条 计算机程序的复制件持有人不知道也不应当知道该程序是侵权复制件的，不承担赔偿责任；但是应当停止使用、销毁该侵权复制件。计算机程序复制件持有人需要继续使用该计算机程序的，应当取得该计算机程序著作权人的许可。
第七十六条 侵犯著作权或者相关权的，在计算损害赔偿数额时，权利人可以选择实际损失、侵权人的违法所得、权利交易费用的合理倍数或者一百万元以下数额请求赔偿。
对于两次以上故意侵犯著作权或者相关权的，人民法院可以根据前款计算的赔偿数额的二至三倍确定赔偿数额。
人民法院在确定赔偿数额时，应当包括权利人为制止侵权行为所支付的合理开支。
人民法院为确定赔偿数额，在权利人已经尽力举证，而与侵权行为相关的账簿、资料主要由侵权人掌握的情况下，可以责令侵权人提供与侵权行为相关的账簿、资料；侵权人不提供或者提供虚假的账簿、资料的，人民法院可以根据权利人的主张判定侵权赔偿数额。
第七十七条 下列侵权行为，可以由著作权行政管理部门责令停止侵权行为，予以警告，没收违法所得，没收、销毁侵权制品和复制件，非法经营额五万元以上的，可处非法经营额一倍以上五倍以下的罚款，没有非法经营额、非法经营额难以计算或者非法经营额五万元以下的，可处二十五万元以下的罚款；情节严重的，著作权行政管理部门可以没收主要用于制作侵权制品和复制件的材料、工具、设备等；构成犯罪的，依法追究刑事责任：
（一）未经著作权人许可，复制、发行、出租、展览、表演、播放、通过网络向公众传播其作品的，本法另有规定的除外；
（二）未经表演者许可，播放、录制其表演，复制、发行、出租录有其表演的录音制品，或者通过网络向公众传播其表演的，本法另有规定的除外；
（三）未经录音制作者许可，复制、发行、出租、通过网络向公众传播其录音制品的，本法另有规定的除外；
（四）未经广播电台、电视台许可，转播、录制、复制其广播电视节目的，本法另有规定的除外；
（五）使用他人享有专有使用权的作品、表演、录音制品或者广播电视节目的；
（六）违反本法第五十条规定使用他人作品的；
（七）未经许可，使用权利人难以行使和难以控制的著作权或者相关权的，本法第七十四条第一款规定的情形除外；
（八）制作、出售假冒他人署名的作品的。
第七十八条 下列违法行为，可以由著作权行政管理部门予以警告，没收违法所得，没收主要用于避开、破坏技术保护措施的装置或者部件；情节严重的，没收相关的材料、工具和设备，非法经营额五万元以上的，可处非法经营额一倍以上五倍以下的罚款，没有非法经营额、非法经营额难以计算或者非法经营额五万元以下的，可处二十五万元以下的罚款；构成犯罪的，依法追究刑事责任：
（一）未经许可，故意避开或者破坏权利人采取的技术保护措施的，法律、行政法规另有规定的除外；
（二）未经许可，故意制造、进口或者向他人提供主要用于避开、破坏技术保护措施的装置或者部件，或者故意为他人避开或者破坏技术保护措施提供技术或者服务的；
（三）未经许可，故意删除或者改变权利管理信息的，本法另有规定的除外；
（四）未经许可，知道或者应当知道权利管理信息被删除或者改变，仍然复制、发行、出租、表演、播放、通过网络向公众传播相关作品、表演、录音制品或者广播电视节目的。
第七十九条 著作权行政管理部门对涉嫌侵权和违法行为进行查处时，可以询问有关当事人，调查与涉嫌侵权和违法行为有关的情况；对当事人涉嫌侵权和违法行为的场所和物品实施现场检查；查阅、复制与涉嫌侵权和违法行为有关的合同、发票、账簿以及其他有关资料；对于涉嫌侵权和违法行为的场所和物品，可以查封或者扣押。
著作权行政管理部门依法行使前款规定的职权时，当事人应当予以协助、配合，无正当理由拒绝、阻挠或者拖延提供前款材料的，可以由著作权行政管理部门予以警告；情节严重的，没收相关的材料、工具和设备；构成犯罪的，依法追究刑事责任。
第八十条 当事人对行政处罚不服的，可以自收到行政处罚决定书之日起六十日内向有关行政机关申请行政复议，或者自收到行政处罚决定书之日起三个月内向人民法院提起诉讼，期满不申请行政复议或者提起诉讼，又不履行的，著作权行政管理部门可以申请人民法院执行。
第八十一条 著作权和相关权的使用者在下列情形下，应当承担民事或者行政法律责任：
（一）复制件的出版者、制作者不能证明其出版、制作有合法授权的；
（二）网络用户不能证明其通过网络向公众传播的作品有合法授权的；
（三）出租者不能证明其出租视听作品、计算机程序或者录音制品的原件或者复制件有合法授权的；
（四）发行者不能证明其发行的复制件有合法来源的。
第八十二条 著作权人或者相关权人申请行为、财产或者证据保全的，适用《中华人民共和国民事诉讼法》有关保全的规定。
第八十三条 人民法院审理案件，对于侵犯著作权或者相关权的，可以没收违法所得、侵权制品和复制件以及进行违法活动的财物。
第八十四条 著作权和相关权纠纷的当事人可以按照《中华人民共和国仲裁法》向仲裁机构申请仲裁，也可以申请调解。
第八十五条 著作权行政管理部门可以设立著作权纠纷调解委员会，负责著作权和相关权纠纷的调解。调解协议的司法确认，适用《中华人民共和国民事诉讼法》有关确认调解协议的规定。
著作权调解委员会的组成、调解程序以及其他事项，由国务院著作权行政管理机关另行规定。
第八十六条 著作权人和相关权人对进口或者出口涉嫌侵害其著作权或者相关权的物品，可以申请海关查处。具体办法由国务院另行规定。
第八章 附则
第八十七条 本法所称的著作权即版权。
第八十八条 相关权的限制和行使适用本法中著作权的相关规定。
第八十九条 本法规定的著作权人和相关权人的权利，在本法施行之日尚未超过本法规定的保护期的，依照本法予以保护。
本法施行前发生的侵权或者违约行为，依照侵权或者违约行为发生时的有关法律、规定和政策处理。
第九十条 本法自 年 月 日起施行。

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