Speech at the 2nd World Internet Conference Opening Ceremony

Xi Jinping

16 December 2015, Wuzhen

Welcome, everyone, to beautiful Wuzhen, to talk together about fundamental matters in Internet development. First and foremost, on the sincere behalf of the Chinese government and the Chinese people, as well as in my own name, I express a welcome to all honoured guests who attend the second World Internet Conference. And I express warm congratulations on the convention of the Conference.

I have spent many years in Zhejiang, and have come to Wuzhen often. Coming here again today, I feel very warm and acquainted, and also feel a completely new impression in my ears and eyes. Last year, the first World Internet Conference was organized here, which promoted the rapid development of online makers, online hospitals, smart tourism, etc., and let this white-walled, black-tiled, thousand-year-old town burst forth with a new glamour. The networking and smartification of Wuzhen is a vivid portrait of the converging development of the traditional and the modern, the humanities and science and technology, it is a microcosm of the creative development of China’s Internet, and vividly reflects the idea of shared development of the global Internet.

When looking at the history of global civilization, humanity has successively undergone an agricultural revolution, and industrial revolution and an information revolution. Every revolution in industrial technology has had a great and profound influence on human production and life. Now, information technology, represented by the Internet, is bringing forth something new every day, it is leading new changes in social production, it has created new spaces for human life, it has expanded new areas for state governance, and has greatly grown humanity’s ability to understand the world and change the world. The Internet has changed the world into a global village where “the sounds of chickens and dogs are hears”, and people separated by thousands of miles are no longer “separated until old age and death”. It can be said that the world has become more colourful because of the Internet, and life has become richer because of the Internet.

China is undergoing a historical process of rapid informatization development. China holds the development of the Internet in high regard, since we connected to the international Internet 21 years ago, we have strengthened the construction of information infrastructure, developed the online economy and ensured that information benefits the people according to the ideas of positive use, scientific development, management according to the law and guaranteed security. At the same time, we have broadened governance in cyberspace according to the law, and cyberspace is becoming cleaner every day. At present, China has 670 million netizens, more than 4.13 million websites, and the network has deeply penetrated into economic and social development, and in people’s lives.

The 5th Plenum of the 18th Party Congress put forward the development ideas of innovation, coordination, greenness, openness and sharing. In the “13th Five-Year Plan” period, China will forcefully implement the strong network country strategy, the national big data strategy, the “Internet Plus” Action Plan, it will develop vigorous and upward online culture, expand economic cyberspace, and stimulate the converged development of the Internet, economy and society. Our objective is that to let the Internet’s development fruits extend to more than 1.30 billion Chinese people, and benefit the people of all nations ever better.

Guests, friends!

In the wake of global multipolarization, economic globalization, cultural diversification and social informatization, the Internet will have a great stimulating role in the progress of human civilization. At the same time, the problems that development in the area is unbalanced, norms are incomplete and structures are irrational become more prominent every day. The information divide between different countries and regions is expanding incessantly, it is difficult for existing norms for cybergovernance to reflect the will and interests of the majority of counties; it happens regularly that personal privacy is harmed, intellectual property rights infringed and cybercrimes committed on a global scale, cyber surveillance, cyber attacks, cyber terrorism activities and such matters have become a global common harm. In the face of these problems and challenges, international society should, on a basis of mutual respect and mutual trust, strengthen dialogue and cooperation, promote the change of the global Internet governance system, jointly build a peaceful, secure, open and cooperative cyberspace, and establish a multilateral, democratic and transparent global Internet governance system.

To move forward the transformation of the global Internet governance system, the following principles should be upheld.

– Respect for cyber sovereignty. The principle of sovereign equality determined in the “UN Charter” is the basic principle for international relationships in the present time, it covers all areas of exchange between nations, and its principles and spirits should also apply to cyberspace. We should respect each country’s rights to choose its online development path, its network management model, its public Internet policies and equal participation in international cyberspace governance, not engage in cyber hegemony, not interfere in other countries’ internal affairs, and not engage in, tolerate or support online activities harming the national security of other countries.

– Safeguarding peace and security. A secure, stable and flourishing cyberspace is of major importance to all countries and even the world. In real space, the flames of war and the smoke of gunpowder have not yet disappeared, the haze of terrorism is difficult to dispel, and illegality and crime happens regularly. Cyberspace should not become a battlefield over which various countries wrestle, and should even less become a hotbed of illegality and crime. All countries should commonly strive to prevent and oppose the use of cyberspace for terror, obscenity, drug trafficking, money laundering, gambling and other such criminal activities. Whether it concerns theft of commercial secrets or hacking attacks on government networks, all of these matters should be firmly attacked on the basis of relevant laws and international conventions. In safeguarding cybersecurity, there should not be double standards, it cannot be the case that other countries are insecure for the sake of the security of one country, or that a number of countries are insecure for the sake of the security of a number of countries, and it can certainly not be the case that absolute security is sought for oneself by sacrificing the security of other countries.

– Stimulating open cooperation. “If there is mutual care, all under heaven will be ordered, if there is mutual hate, all will be in chaos”. In perfecting the global Internet governance system and safeguarding order in cyberspace, we must persist in the ideas of people in the same boat helping each other, of mutual trust and mutual benefit, we must abandon the old ideas of zero-sum games and winner takes all. All countries should promote open cooperation in the area of the Internet, enrich the content of that openness, raise openness levels, build ever more communication and collaboration platforms, create ever more points where interests converge, growth points for cooperation, and new bright points for mutual gain, they should promote the complementarity of advantages and common development in cyberspace, let ever more countries and peoples ride the information age express, and share the development fruits of the Internet.

– Building a good order. In cyberspace, like in real society, we both want to advocate freedom, and want to maintain order. Freedom is the objective of order, and order is the guarantee of freedom. We must both respect the rights of netizens to exchange ideas and express their wishes, we must also build a good online order, this benefit the guaranteeing of the lawful rights and interests of the broad netizens. Cyberspace is not a “land outside the law”. Cyberspace is virtual, but the subjects using cyberspace are real, everyone should respect the law, and the rights and obligations of all parties should be clear. We must persist in governing the web according to the law, running the web according to the law, and using the web according to the law, and let the Internet develop healthily on a rule of law track. At the same time, we must strengthen the construction of network theory and network civilization, give rein to the guiding role of moral education, and use the excellent achievements of human civilization to nourish cyberspace and renovate the online ecology.

Guests, friends!

Cyberspace is a common space for human activity, the future destiny of cyberspace should be jointly held in the hands of all countries worldwide. All countries should strengthen communication, broaden consensus and deepen collaboration, jointly build a community of common destiny in cyberspace. To this end, I’d like to put forward five position points.

First, accelerating the construction of a global network infrastructure, and stimulating interconnection and interactivity. The essence of the network is interconnection, the value of information lies in interactivity. Only by strengthening the construction of information infrastructure, by paving a smooth road for information, by incessantly reducing the information divide between different countries, regions and groups, will it be possible to let information resources flow fully. China is currently implementing its “Broadband China” strategy, it is estimated that by 2020, China’s broadband networks will basically cover all administrative villages, connecting the “last kilometre” of network infrastructure, and ensuring that ever more people can use the Internet. China wishes to, together with all sides, expand financial input, strengthen technological support, commonly promote the construction of global information infrastructure, and let ever more developing countries and peoples share the development opportunities the Internet brings.

Second, building shared platforms for online cultural interaction, and stimulating exchange and mutual learning. Culture is colourful because of exchange, civilizations become richer because of mutual learning. The Internet is an important carrier to disseminate humanity’s excellent culture and carry forward positive energy. China wishes to build bridges of international exchange through the Internet, to promote exchange and mutual learning between outstanding global cultures, promote the exchange of feelings between the peoples of all countries, and link up their hearts and minds. We wish to, together with all countries, give rein to the advantages of Internet dissemination platforms, let the people of all countries understand China’s excellent culture, let the Chinese people understand the excellent culture of all nations, jointly promote the flourishing and development of online culture, enrich people’s spiritual worlds, and stimulate the progress of human civilization.

Third, promoting innovation and development in the online economy, and stimulating common flourishing. At present, the global economic recovery is facing difficulties and setbacks, and the Chinese economy is also facing certain downward pressures. To resolve these problems, a crucial matter is persisting in letting innovation drive development, and exploring new horizons for development. Chain is currently implementing its “Internet Plus” action plan and moving forward the construction of a “Digital China”, it is developing a sharing economy, supporting all kinds of Internet-based innovation, and raising the quality and efficiency of development. China’s Internet is thriving in its development, providing broad market space for enterprises and entrepreneurs from all countries. China’s open gates will never be shut, the policies on the use of foreign capital will not change, its guarantees of the lawful rights and interests of foreign businesses, investors and enterprises will not change, and its orientation of providing even better services for other countries’ enterprises to invest and grow their business in China will not change. As long as they abide by Chinese laws, we warmly welcome enterprises and entrepreneurs from all countries to invest and grow their business in China. We wish to strengthen collaboration with all countries in stimulating the development of investment and trade on a global scope, and promoting the development of a global digital economy through developing cross-border e-commerce, building information economy demonstration regions, etc.

Fourth, guaranteeing cybersecurity and stimulating orderly development. Security and development are two wings of one body, they are two driving wheels. Security is the guarantee of development, development is the objective of security. Cybersecurity is a global challenge, there isn’t any country that can stand aside or shut itself in an ivory tower, and safeguarding cybersecurity is a common responsibility of international society. All countries should join hands in striving to jointly curb the abuse of information technology, to oppose cyber surveillance and cyber attacks, and to oppose arms races in cyberspace. China wishes to, together with all countries, strengthen dialogue and exchange, effectively manage differences, promote the formulation of international norms in cyberspace that are universally acceptable for all sides, formulate an international anti-terrorism convention in cyberspace, complete judicial assistance mechanisms to attack cybercrime, and jointly safeguard peace and security in cyberspace.

Fifth, building the Internet governance system, and stimulating fairness and justice. International cyberspace governance should persist in multilateral participation and participation of all parties, where everyone works through consultation, where the role of various subjects, including governments, international organizations, Internet enterprises, the technological community, civil bodies and individual citizens, is given full rein, without unilateralism, and without dominance of one party or a few parties who gang up and have the last word. All countries should strengthen communication and exchange, perfect dialogue and cooperation mechanisms in cyberspace, research and formulate global Internet governance norms, ensure that the global Internet governance system becomes fairer and more rational, and reflects the wishes and interests of the majority of countries in a more balanced manner. In organizing the World Internet Conference, we hope to build a platform for the shared governance of the global Internet, and to jointly promote the healthy development of the Internet.

Guests, friends!

“The path of all achievements goes together with the times”. Even though the Internet is intangible, the people who use the Interne are tangible, and the Internet is a common garden for humankind. Letting this garden become ever more beautiful, clean and safe is the common responsibility of international society. Let us joint hands, and jointly promote the interconnection, interactivity and shared governance of cyberspace, and help to create an ever more beautiful future for human development!

Finally, I already congratulate the Conference on achieving complete success!

Thank you, everyone.

在第二届世界互联网大会开幕式上的讲话

（2015年12月16日，乌镇）

中华人民共和国主席 习近平

尊敬的侯赛因总统，

尊敬的梅德韦杰夫总理，

尊敬的马西莫夫总理，

尊敬的萨里耶夫总理，

尊敬的拉苏尔佐达总理，

尊敬的阿齐莫夫第一副总理，

尊敬的索瓦莱尼副首相，

尊敬的吴红波副秘书长，

尊敬的赵厚麟秘书长，

尊敬的施瓦布先生，

各位部长，各位大使，

各位嘉宾，各位朋友：

欢迎各位嘉宾来到美丽的乌镇，共商世界互联网发展大计。首先，我谨代表中国政府和中国人民，并以我个人的名义，对各位嘉宾出席第二届世界互联网大会，表示热烈的欢迎！对大会的召开，表示热烈的祝贺！

我曾在浙江工作多年，多次来过乌镇。今天再次来到这里，既感到亲切熟悉，又感到耳目一新。去年，首届世界互联网大会在这里举办，推动了网络创客、网上医院、智慧旅游等快速发展，让这个白墙黛瓦的千年古镇焕发出新的魅力。乌镇的网络化、智慧化，是传统和现代、人文和科技融合发展的生动写照，是中国互联网创新发展的一个缩影，也生动体现了全球互联网共享发展的理念。

纵观世界文明史，人类先后经历了农业革命、工业革命、信息革命。每一次产业技术革命，都给人类生产生活带来巨大而深刻的影响。现在，以互联网为代表的信息技术日新月异，引领了社会生产新变革，创造了人类生活新空间，拓展了国家治理新领域，极大提高了人类认识世界、改造世界的能力。互联网让世界变成了“鸡犬之声相闻”的地球村，相隔万里的人们不再“老死不相往来”。可以说，世界因互联网而更多彩，生活因互联网而更丰富。

中国正处在信息化快速发展的历史进程之中。中国高度重视互联网发展，自21年前接入国际互联网以来，我们按照积极利用、科学发展、依法管理、确保安全的思路，加强信息基础设施建设，发展网络经济，推进信息惠民。同时，我们依法开展网络空间治理，网络空间日渐清朗。目前，中国有6.7亿网民、413万多家网站，网络深度融入经济社会发展、融入人民生活。

中共十八届五中全会提出了创新、协调、绿色、开放、共享的发展理念。“十三五”时期，中国将大力实施网络强国战略、国家大数据战略、“互联网+”行动计划，发展积极向上的网络文化，拓展网络经济空间，促进互联网和经济社会融合发展。我们的目标，就是要让互联网发展成果惠及13亿多中国人民，更好造福各国人民。

各位嘉宾、各位朋友！

随着世界多极化、经济全球化、文化多样化、社会信息化深入发展，互联网对人类文明进步将发挥更大促进作用。同时，互联网领域发展不平衡、规则不健全、秩序不合理等问题日益凸显。不同国家和地区信息鸿沟不断拉大，现有网络空间治理规则难以反映大多数国家意愿和利益；世界范围内侵害个人隐私、侵犯知识产权、网络犯罪等时有发生，网络监听、网络攻击、网络恐怖主义活动等成为全球公害。面对这些问题和挑战，国际社会应该在相互尊重、相互信任的基础上，加强对话合作，推动互联网全球治理体系变革，共同构建和平、安全、开放、合作的网络空间，建立多边、民主、透明的全球互联网治理体系。

推进全球互联网治理体系变革，应该坚持以下原则。

——尊重网络主权。《联合国宪章》确立的主权平等原则是当代国际关系的基本准则，覆盖国与国交往各个领域，其原则和精神也应该适用于网络空间。我们应该尊重各国自主选择网络发展道路、网络管理模式、互联网公共政策和平等参与国际网络空间治理的权利，不搞网络霸权，不干涉他国内政，不从事、纵容或支持危害他国国家安全的网络活动。

——维护和平安全。一个安全稳定繁荣的网络空间，对各国乃至世界都具有重大意义。在现实空间，战火硝烟仍未散去，恐怖主义阴霾难除，违法犯罪时有发生。网络空间，不应成为各国角力的战场，更不能成为违法犯罪的温床。各国应该共同努力，防范和反对利用网络空间进行的恐怖、淫秽、贩毒、洗钱、赌博等犯罪活动。不论是商业窃密，还是对政府网络发起黑客攻击，都应该根据相关法律和国际公约予以坚决打击。维护网络安全不应有双重标准，不能一个国家安全而其他国家不安全，一部分国家安全而另一部分国家不安全，更不能以牺牲别国安全谋求自身所谓绝对安全。

——促进开放合作。“天下兼相爱则治，交相恶则乱。”完善全球互联网治理体系，维护网络空间秩序，必须坚持同舟共济、互信互利的理念，摈弃零和博弈、赢者通吃的旧观念。各国应该推进互联网领域开放合作，丰富开放内涵，提高开放水平，搭建更多沟通合作平台，创造更多利益契合点、合作增长点、共赢新亮点，推动彼此在网络空间优势互补、共同发展，让更多国家和人民搭乘信息时代的快车、共享互联网发展成果。

——构建良好秩序。网络空间同现实社会一样，既要提倡自由，也要保持秩序。自由是秩序的目的，秩序是自由的保障。我们既要尊重网民交流思想、表达意愿的权利，也要依法构建良好网络秩序，这有利于保障广大网民合法权益。网络空间不是“法外之地”。网络空间是虚拟的，但运用网络空间的主体是现实的，大家都应该遵守法律，明确各方权利义务。要坚持依法治网、依法办网、依法上网，让互联网在法治轨道上健康运行。同时，要加强网络伦理、网络文明建设，发挥道德教化引导作用，用人类文明优秀成果滋养网络空间、修复网络生态。

各位嘉宾、各位朋友！

网络空间是人类共同的活动空间，网络空间前途命运应由世界各国共同掌握。各国应该加强沟通、扩大共识、深化合作，共同构建网络空间命运共同体。对此，我愿提出5点主张。

第一，加快全球网络基础设施建设，促进互联互通。网络的本质在于互联，信息的价值在于互通。只有加强信息基础设施建设，铺就信息畅通之路，不断缩小不同国家、地区、人群间的信息鸿沟，才能让信息资源充分涌流。中国正在实施“宽带中国”战略，预计到2020年，中国宽带网络将基本覆盖所有行政村，打通网络基础设施“最后一公里”，让更多人用上互联网。中国愿同各方一道，加大资金投入，加强技术支持，共同推动全球网络基础设施建设，让更多发展中国家和人民共享互联网带来的发展机遇。

第二，打造网上文化交流共享平台，促进交流互鉴。文化因交流而多彩，文明因互鉴而丰富。互联网是传播人类优秀文化、弘扬正能量的重要载体。中国愿通过互联网架设国际交流桥梁，推动世界优秀文化交流互鉴，推动各国人民情感交流、心灵沟通。我们愿同各国一道，发挥互联网传播平台优势，让各国人民了解中华优秀文化，让中国人民了解各国优秀文化，共同推动网络文化繁荣发展，丰富人们精神世界，促进人类文明进步。

第三，推动网络经济创新发展，促进共同繁荣。当前，世界经济复苏艰难曲折，中国经济也面临着一定下行压力。解决这些问题，关键在于坚持创新驱动发展，开拓发展新境界。中国正在实施“互联网+”行动计划，推进“数字中国”建设，发展分享经济，支持基于互联网的各类创新，提高发展质量和效益。中国互联网蓬勃发展，为各国企业和创业者提供了广阔市场空间。中国开放的大门永远不会关上，利用外资的政策不会变，对外商投资企业合法权益的保障不会变，为各国企业在华投资兴业提供更好服务的方向不会变。只要遵守中国法律，我们热情欢迎各国企业和创业者在华投资兴业。我们愿意同各国加强合作，通过发展跨境电子商务、建设信息经济示范区等，促进世界范围内投资和贸易发展，推动全球数字经济发展。

第四，保障网络安全，促进有序发展。安全和发展是一体之两翼、驱动之双轮。安全是发展的保障，发展是安全的目的。网络安全是全球性挑战，没有哪个国家能够置身事外、独善其身，维护网络安全是国际社会的共同责任。各国应该携手努力，共同遏制信息技术滥用，反对网络监听和网络攻击，反对网络空间军备竞赛。中国愿同各国一道，加强对话交流，有效管控分歧，推动制定各方普遍接受的网络空间国际规则，制定网络空间国际反恐公约，健全打击网络犯罪司法协助机制，共同维护网络空间和平安全。

第五，构建互联网治理体系，促进公平正义。国际网络空间治理，应该坚持多边参与、多方参与，由大家商量着办，发挥政府、国际组织、互联网企业、技术社群、民间机构、公民个人等各个主体作用，不搞单边主义，不搞一方主导或由几方凑在一起说了算。各国应该加强沟通交流，完善网络空间对话协商机制，研究制定全球互联网治理规则，使全球互联网治理体系更加公正合理，更加平衡地反映大多数国家意愿和利益。举办世界互联网大会，就是希望搭建全球互联网共享共治的一个平台，共同推动互联网健康发展。

各位嘉宾、各位朋友！

“凡益之道，与时偕行。”互联网虽然是无形的，但运用互联网的人们都是有形的，互联网是人类的共同家园。让这个家园更美丽、更干净、更安全，是国际社会的共同责任。让我们携起手来，共同推动网络空间互联互通、共享共治，为开创人类发展更加美好的未来助力！

最后，预祝大会取得圆满成功！

谢谢大家。