Central Committee Resolution Concerning Guiding Policies for the Construction of a Socialist Spiritual Civilization

(Passed on 28 September 1986 at the 6th Plenary Meeting of the 12th Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party)

The 6th Plenary Meeting of the 12th Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party, according to the strategic policies of the Party’s 12th Party Congress concerning striving to construct an spiritual civilization construction at the same time as constructing a material civilization, as well as the spirit of the national Party congress of 1985, according to the requirements of our country’s complete reform and development, has reviewed and discussed the achievements of spiritual civilization construction in the past few years and the problems we face. The Plenum believes that, suited to new circumstances, further clarifying the guiding principles of Socialist spiritual civilization construction, strengthening work in this aspect, has a major and immediate significance and a long-term significance for guaranteeing the smooth development of the cause of Socialist modernization construction.

I, The strategic position of Socialist spiritual civilization construction

The general arrangements of our country’s socialist modernization construction are: with economic construction at the centre, unflinchingly conducting economic structural reform, unflinchingly conducting political structural reform, unflinchingly strengthening spiritual civilization construction, and ensuring that these aspects are conducted in coordination and are mutually stimulating. The comrades in the entire party must, from the height of these general arrangements, correctly understand the strategic position of Socialist spiritual civilization construction.

The Socialist spiritual civilization with Marxism as guidance is an important characteristic of Socialism. During the Socialist period, material culture provides material conditions and practical experience for the development of the spiritual civilization, and the spiritual civilization provides spiritual drivers and knowledge support to the development of the material civilization, and provides forceful ideological guarantees for its correct development orientation. Socialist spiritual civilization construction is a large matter relating to the rise, decline, success and failure of Socialism

Since the 3rd Plenum of the 11th Party Congress, following the victory of bringing order out of chaos and the development of overall reform, following the development of material civilization construction, Socialist spiritual civilization construction has obtained major progress. Our Party has liberated thoughts, persisted in the ideological line of seeking truth from facts, given rein to the scientific spirit and creative vitality of Marxism, and has made breakthroughs in a series of fossilized concepts and raised then to new levels in Socialist understanding; the entire country is stable and united, the democratic legal system is progressively completed, the broad cadres and masses’ vigour has clearly risen; mass-type spiritual civilization construction activities are broadly launched, and many fresh experiences are accumulated; the social morality of respecting knowledge and respecting talent is beginning to be established, education, science and culture flourish more every day; the Party’s fine traditions are being carried on, the Party style and social atmosphere are improving. This is the mainstream. At the same time, we must be aware that, spiritual civilization construction is not adapted to Socialist modernization construction and with the circumstances of reform and development in many aspects, sufficient understanding of the importance of spiritual civilization construction is still lacking, the problems of guiding policies in real work have not yet been completely resolved, within the Party and society, a number of grave negative phenomena still require us to eliminate them with great efforts. Only by completely assessing the situation of spiritual civilization construction and fully understanding the urgency and long-term nature of strengthening spiritual civilization construction, is it possible to unflinchingly grasp work in this aspect, otherwise, the entire picture may be disrupted.

Reform is the self-perfection and development of the Socialist system. Launching it completely is an important symbol of the huge changes that took place in our country’s circumstances in the last few years. Complete reform and opening up to the outside world has brought strong vitality to the Socialist cause, and a huge stimulation to spiritual civilization construction. Following the development of a Socialist commodity economy and Socialist democratic politics, deep changes have taken place in people’s ideologies and states of minds, and at the same time, even higher new requirements are put to spiritual civilization construction. Whether or not we can adapt to this sort of requirement, shape public opinion forces, value concepts, cultural conditions and social environments benefiting Socialist modernization construction, forcefully resist the degenerate ideology of capitalism and feudalism, prevent the danger of all sorts of losing orientation, inspire the huge enthusiasm and creative spirit of people of all ethnicities in the entire nation, and use the efforts of a number of generations to construct a strong Socialist country, this is an historical major test. We shall believe that, if we have the Party’s correct orientation, have the guidance of Marxism, have the basic economic systems and basic economic policies of Socialism, have the people’s democratic regime and the Socialist legal system, and especially have the firm support of the broad people for Socialist construction and reform, as long as we incessantly strengthen spiritual civilization construction at the same time as forcefully moving material civilization construction forward, we will certainly be able to reach the objective of realizing Socialist modernization.

Generally speaking, it is decided that the strategic position of Socialist spiritual civilization construction must be the spiritual civilization construction that promotes Socialist modernization construction, must be the spiritual civilization construction that stimulates complete reform and implementation of opening up to the outside world, and must be the spiritual civilization construction that persists in the Four Cardinal Principles. This is the basic guiding principle of Socialist spiritual civilization construction.

II, The basic tasks for Socialist spiritual civilization construction

The basic tasks for Socialist spiritual civilization construction are the requirement to adapt to Socialist modernization construction, foster Socialist citizens having ideals, morals, culture and discipline, and raising the ideological and moral quality and scientific and cultural quality of the overall Chinese nation.

The quality of people is the outcome of history, and has a huge influence on history as well. Under the conditions of Socialism, to strive to improve the quality of the whole body of citizens, we must incessantly raise social productivity, incessantly develop new sorts of relationship between people on the basis of the public ownership system, and cause profound change in the overall appearance of society. This is an indispensable condition for our country’s Socialist modernization cause to become successful.

Spiritual civilization construction includes both aspects of ideological and moral construction and education, scientific and cultural construction, permeates into the centre of the overall material civilization construction, and is reflected in all aspects of the economy, politics, culture and social life. Strengthening spiritual civilization construction, not only is the task of ideological, cultural and education department, but is also the task of all departments at the battle line, and is a joint, long-term task of the entire Party, the entire Army and the labourers, peasants, intellectuals and other workers and patriots of all ethnicities in the entire country.

After our country’s Socialist reform was basically completed, the Party has made major mistakes within a long period, which were that it did not transfer work focus towards economic construction, and still persisted in taking class struggle as the key link, it despised educational, scientific and cultural construction, extremely exaggerated class struggle in the ideological sphere, until the internal disorder of the “Cultural Revolution” occurred. Our Party summarized historical experiences, clearly put forward that at the current stage, the main contradiction in our country’s society is the contradiction that the people’s daily increasing material and cultural needs and the backward social production; class struggle will still exist for a long time to a certain extent, but it is no longer the main contradiction, the majority of contradictions existing in our society do not have a class struggle nature. Strengthening spiritual civilization construction requires us to keep historical lessons firmly in mind, correctly deal with all contradictions in Socialist societies, persist in adopting the method of discussion, the method of reasoning and the method of criticism and self-criticism concerning questions with an ideological nature, that is to say, using education and persuasion method to resolve problems; persist in everything fixing eyes upon construction, concentrating our attention on uniting the people, fully giving rein to the people’s Socialist vigour and creative spirit, concentrating on satisfying the people’s cultural and spiritual needs, concentrating on strengthening ideological and moral construction and education and science construction, and in the final analysis, concentrating on stimulating social productivity development.

Recent global and Chinese history both indicate that, refusing to accept advanced science and culture from abroad, is impossible for any country or any nation that wants to develop and advance. Adopting a closed-door policy can only cause stagnation and backwardness. We determinedly abandon the ideological system and social structure of capitalism that safeguards exploitation and oppression, and abandon all repulsive and degenerate things in capitalism, but we must use great forces and great determination to master science and technology from all countries in the contemporary world, including capitalist developed countries, economic administration and management experiences that have broad application and other beneficial culture, and inspect and develop them in practice. Not doing things like this is ignorant, and modernization will be impossible to realize. Opening up to the outside world is an unshakeable basic national policy, and does not only apply to material civilization construction, but also applies to spiritual civilization construction.

The Chinese nation is a great nation with a long history and culture, and has been at the global forefront of ancient civilization and history for a long time. In recent times, because of the decadence of the feudal system and the invasion of imperialism, it has become backward. The Xinhai Revolution, May Fourth Movement and the People’s Revolution led by the Chinese Communist Party, have brought a huge change in Chinese history. The establishment of a new China, has begun the great rejuvenation of Chinese civilization on a Socialist basis. Since our country entered a new historical development period with the 3rd Plenum of the 11th Party Congress as symbol, this rejuvenation has been imbued with even more formidable vitality and life force. This rejuvenation, not only will create a high-level developed material civilization, but also will create an equally high-level Socialist spiritual civilization with Marxism in the lead, criticizing traditions inherited from history and also fully reflecting the spirit of the times, standing in this country but open towards the world.

III, Using common ideals to mobilize and unit the people from all ethnicities in the entire country

Constructing Socialism with Chinese characteristics, making our country construct itself into a Socialist country with high-level civilization and high-level democracy, this is the common ideal of the people of all ethnicities in the entire country at this stage. By the end of this century, we must make our country’s economy reach the relatively well-off stage; by the middle of the next century, we must approach the level of global developed countries. This common ideal, has concentrated the interests and desire of our country’s labourers, peasants, intellectuals and other workers and patriots, and is a formidable spiritual weapon guaranteeing that the whole body of the people in politics, morality, justice and spirit unite as one, overcome any difficulty and obtain victory. In order to realize this common ideal, all vigorous ideologies and spirits benefiting constructing of the Four Modernization, revitalizing China and unifying the motherland, all vigorous ideologies and spirit benefiting ethnic unity, social progress and the people’s happiness, and all vigorous ideologies and spirits of using honest labour to obtain a glorious life, shall be respected, protected and carried forward. Only in this way is it possible to, concerning the question of uniting all forces that can be united to construct Socialism, genuinely overcome narrow points of view created for a long time that are gravely dangerous, and  closely unite Communist Party members and non-Party members, Marxists and non-Marxists, atheists and religious believers, domestic compatriots and overseas compatriots, or generally speaking, the entire body of workers and patriots, vigorously bring them into action, and struggle for the common ideal.

The highest ideal of our Party is the establishment of a Communist society in which each contributes according to ability, and receives according to need. Regardless of past, present or future, this highest ideal is the source of strength and spiritual pillar of our Communist Party members and model workers. Now, constructing Socialism with Chinese characteristics, is a phase that must be passed in realizing this highest ideal. Speaking about our Communist Party members, this means struggling to construct Socialism with Chinese characteristics is also struggling for the highest ideal of the Party. If they are not honest or enthusiastic in realizing this struggle, this will be wittingly or unwittingly deviating from the highest ideal of the party, and they are not conscious Communists. Because of this, Communist Party members, Communist Youth League members and advanced workers must all, together with labourers, peasants and intellectuals, integrate the common ideal with all sectors and trades, all localities, all collective development objectives and construction tasks, and integrate it with the duties of each position and life pursuits, be determined to construct, be determined to reform, work diligently in spite of difficulties, building the country through thrift and hard work, be earnest and down to earth in the cause. In our era, honour belongs to those people that are dauntless in constructing the motherland and protecting the motherland, overwhelm all difficulties and make outstanding contributions and brilliant examples.

The achievements of Socialist modernization constructions are ever larger, and the broad popular masses’ conviction in realizing the common ideal is ever firmer. We must be good at utilizing the real achievements of construction and reform and the personal experience of the masses to conduct vivid education about ideals. At the same time, we must adopt many kinds of methods to help the broad cadres and masses, and especially minors to progressively and deeply understand the Marxist world view and social development rules, understand the glorious history and revolutionary traditions of our nature, understand the grave calamities of our nation in the last century and the heroic struggle against imperialism and feudalism, understand the progress and contradictions of the contemporary world and the future of humankinds, in order to raise the self-respect, self-confidence and self-pride of our nation and establish ideals on a scientific basis.

Our patriotism is closely related with internationalism. China’s development and progress is a part of global development and progress. Our country’s people, when associating with people from all countries in the world must persist in peace and friendship, equality and mutual benefit, mutual support and mutual learning. The victory of Socialist modernization construction is to oppose hegemonism, safeguard world peace and strive to contribute to the cause of progress of humankind.

IV, Establishing and carrying forward Socialist moral customs

The basic requirements of Socialist moral construction are to love the motherland, love the people, love work, love science and love Socialism. We must reflect the “Five Loves” in all aspects of social life, between all ethnicities in the entire country, between workers, peasants and intellectuals, between Army and people, between cadres and the masses, within households and between neighbours, so that in all mutual relations between the people, new sorts of Socialist relationships of equality, unity, friendliness and mutual support are established and developed.

Morality is the reflection of the economic basis, and is not an abstract concept that is removed from historical development. Our country is still in the primary stage of Socialism, and must not only implement distribution according to work done, develop Socialist commodity economies and competition, but is also in a corresponding historical period, and must still develop many kinds of economic elements on the basis of public ownership at the core, and encourage a part off the people to become rich first under the objective of common wealth. Under these historical conditions, moral construction at the level of all people, shall affirm reasonable differences in distribution aspects between people that are brought about by this, and at the same time encourage the people to carry forward a Socialist and collectivist spirit that integrates the national interest, collective interest and individual interest, carries forward a spirit of considering the big picture, being honest and keeping promises, helping each other in friendliness and supporting the poor and those in difficulties. What Socialist morals must oppose, are all ideologies and actions benefiting oneself at others’ expense, feathering one’s nest at public expense, letting money come first, using power for personal gain, cheating and extorting, and is absolutely not to deny distribution according to work done and the commodity economy, we can absolutely not make egalitarianism into a moral standard for our society. At the same time, it must be pointed out that Socialism is a historical movement at the highest stage before entering Communism. Our society’s model workers, for the sake of the people’s benefit and happiness, for the Communist ideal, stand at the front of the tides of the times, may spare no effort to pioneer, forget themselves in their public duties, be courageous and dedicated, and when necessary, do not hesitate to sacrifice their own life, this sort of sublime Communist morals shall be advocated earnestly in the entire society. Communist Party members first and foremost are leading cadres, and must especially unflinchingly practice what they preach. Generally speaking, concerning moral construction, we absolutely must start from reality, encourage advances, look after the majority, and integrate the requirements of advance with the requirements of being widespread, only in this way will it be possible to link and guide people with different levels of awareness to progress together, and shape strong spiritual forces concentrating the hundreds of millions of people.

In all sectors and trades of our society, we must forcefully strengthen professional moral construction. First and foremost, it are the cadres of Party and State organs who must be just and honest, loyal and vigorous, and serve the people with their whole heart and mind, oppose bureaucratism, trickery and fraud, and using official powers to seek personal gain. They must also strengthen the construction of professional morals in these departments that directly serve the popular masses’ daily life, oppose and correct unhealthy tendencies having sectoral characteristics. In our society, everyone is a service target, and everyone must serve others. Our society’s concern for people, social peace and harmonious relationships between people are closely related with the service attitude and service quality in all positions.

In public and social life, we must forcefully carry forward a spirit of Socialist humanitarianism, respect people, care for people and especially pay attention to protecting children, respecting women, respecting the elderly, respecting soldier’s dependents and disabled veterans, and be concerned with and help widowers, widows, orphans and the childless, and handicapped persons. We must observe public order and preach civilized manners. We must advocate people to cherish public assets, protect the environment and resources, and consciously implement duties towards the State and society. When the national security is threatened, or social public security is in danger, we must stride boldly forward and fight heroically.

We must launch activities to transform social traditions in the broad town and country, advocate a civilized, healthy and scientific way of life, and overcome ignorant and backward things that still exist in social customs. Corrupt habits in marriages and funerals must be reformed, feudal superstitions must be done away with. This sort of reform, must be conducted by the masses themselves on the presupposition of respecting healthy folk customs and on a voluntary basis, Communist Party members and Communist Youth League members must take the lead in initiating them.

Socialist morals are a new frontier of moral development in human civilization, they certainly must critically inherit all fine moral traditions of human history, and must struggle with all degenerate ideologies and morals. Feudal morals have a deep influence in our country, and today, the patriarchal concepts, ideas about privilege, autocratic ways, forming factions with accomplices, treating women as inferior to men, etc., that still survive in our social relationships, are essentially all reflections of the poisonous legacy of feudalism. Because of the enslaving ideology that emerged under semi-feudalist society conditions, as well as degenerate capitalist ideologies, also have a deep influence in our country, and often are integrated with degenerate feudal ideologies. Because of this, overcoming the influence of these degenerate ideologies and morals in all aspects of society is a huge and long-term work.

V, Strengthening Socialist democracy, legal system and discipline education

Highly regarding democracy is a great objective of Socialism, and is also an important reflection of Spiritual civilization construction in State and social life. In human history, in the burgeoning capitalist period and the struggle of the working people in opposing feudalist and autocratic systems, shaping a democratic and free, equal and fraternal concept is a great liberation of the human spirit. Marxism critically inherited these concepts of the capitalist class, and also has differences in principle with them. Fundamentally speaking, capitalist class democracy is serving to safeguard the capitalist system. Socialism, on the basis of eliminating class oppression and exploitation, in order to fully realize that the people run their house and take charge, democracy has been pushed towards a new historical height, which opened paths. The main historical lessons in our country’s Socialist development are first, that we have not concentrated forces to develop the economy, and second, that we have not realistically constructed democratic politics. Since the 3rd Plenum of the 11th Party Congress, our Party has stressed that without democracy, there will be no Socialist modernization, stressed that democracy must be systematized and legalized, stressed that the Party must operate within the scope of the Constitution and the laws, and realistically move democratization forward in Party and State political life, economic management and in overall social life. Recently, the Centre has emphasized and put forward political structure reform, which is that we must persist in the leadership of the Party and the basis of the people’s democratic dictatorship, reform and perfect Party and State leadership systems, further enlarge Socialist democracy, complete the Socialist legal system, in order to adapt to the requirement of Socialist modernization. This is an extremely complex work, the Centre will conduct full investigation and research, make deployments and move forward gradually and in the lead.

Democracy cannot be separated from the legal system and discipline. The Socialist legal system reflects the people’s will, guarantees the people’s lawful rights and interests, stresses the relationship between people, standardizes and controls the actions of people, and punishes and attacks all sorts of illegal activities violating society. Not wanting a Socialist democratic legal system, is absolutely not a Socialist legal system; not wanting the democracy of a Socialist legal system, is absolutely not Socialist democracy. Only by forcefully strengthening the Socialist legal system with the Constitution as the foundation, strengthening labour discipline and work discipline, and struggling with all sorts of acts suppressing and endangering democracy in real life, will it be possible to move forward and guarantee the smooth development economic construction and complete reform, and safeguard a long period of peace and order in the country. Bourgeois liberalization, denies the Socialist system, and advocates a capitalist system, this is basically in violation of the people’s interest and the tide of history, and for the broad people to determinedly oppose.

The basic problem in strengthening Socialist democracy and legal system construction is educating the people. We must start from primary schools, and at the same time as conducting ideal, moral, civilized manner and other education, conduct democracy, legal system and discipline education. We must unflinchingly disseminate common knowledge about the legal system in the whole body of people, strengthen a Socialist civic awareness, and make people understand the basic rights and obligations of citizens, and understand the laws and disciplines that directly relate to their own work and life, and foster fine habits of observing the law and obeying discipline. Citizens must all abide by the Constitution, Party members must also obey Party rules. Everyone is equal in the face of law and discipline, and it is absolutely not permitted to have special personalities exceeding law and discipline in any way, these shall become unwavering norms in our political and social life.

The people’s democratic dictatorship is a strong and powerful weapon protecting the people and safeguarding the Four Modernization. We must attack all hostile elements destroying our country’s Socialist system according to the law, punish economic crimes and other crimes according to the law, prohibit and ban prostitution, drugs, gabling, the dissemination of obscene videos, books, periodicals and other unlawful and criminal activities harming the people.

VI, Disseminating and raising education, science and culture

Education, science and culture are important conditions for material civilization construction, and are also important conditions for raising the popular masses’ ideological and moral consciousness levels. In the present world, science becomes an increasing revolutionary force in promoting historical progress, and becomes an important symbol representing the civilization level of a nation. When we conduct modernization construction, we shall even more consciously rely on science, carry forward and respect science, and a spirit of respecting knowledge, and strive to firmly organize education, science and culture dissemination and rising in the whole nation.

Education, science, literature and art, press and publications, radio and television, hygiene, sports, cultural heritage, libraries, museums and all other cultural undertakings must each have an important function. We must start from the reality of our country’s vast territory and unbalanced economic and cultural development, and strive to make these undertakings obtain a great development. Especially in education and science, with overall Socialist modernization construction as strategic focus, if we cannot obtain the development we should not only will spiritual civilization construction not go forward, economic construction will also have no aftereffect. The State must guarantee the development undertakings through policy and finance, and encourage forces from all sides of society to support these undertakings. All localities must formulate concrete cultural undertaking development plans, and guarantee the completion of cultural construction tasks, just like completing economic construction.

The Socialist nature of our country’s cultural undertakings, requires that social effect must become the highest standard. We must strive to raise the quality of intellectual products to satisfy the masses’ broad requirements, and conduct cultural management structure reform, reform business management, and stimulate the vigorous development of cultural undertakings.

Education, science and culture workers bear a glorious huge mission in spiritual civilization construction, and shall understand the requirements of the times and the people, strive to raise their own ideological and moral quality and professional quality. All levels’ leading organs must guide and organize intellectuals to integrate with the popular masses in the rich practice of creating a new life through many channels, broadly attract to participate in all aspects of construction and reform work consulting and policymaking; give forceful support through conditions to talents having prominent contributions and focus work; give spiritual and material rewards to excellent intellectual works and excellent workers, and must especially organize some kinds of awards that represent our nation’s scientific and culture levels, and that are seen as sublime honours  .Respecting knowledge and respecting talent, are major themes that await further resolution in all aspects of our real work. The genuine rise of the position of intellectuals and fully giving rein to their functions, and labourers, peasants and intellectuals closely uniting and struggling together, are reliable guarantees for the certain success of modernization construction

VII, The guiding function of Marxism in spiritual civilization construction

Persisting in taking Marxism and Mao Zedong Thought at the core is the basis for the cause of our country’s Socialist modernization, and is a basis for Socialist spiritual civilization construction. The Marxism that is a scientific worldview for the working classes and a great achievements of all humankind’s spiritual civilization, is a theoretical basis for the Socialist cause and the Party leadership, is the most important component part of Socialist ideology, and has a major guiding function in the overall spiritual civilization construction. Our ideal construction, moral construction, cultural construction, democracy and legal system concept construction are all inseparable from the guidance of Marxism, and inseparable from Marxist theoretical construction.

Marxism is a science that incessantly enriches and develops in the middle of historical and scientific progress, it has no conclusive truth, but is a path for incessantly starting to understand the truth in practice. China and the world have already undergone and are currently undergoing huge changes, one the one hand, this proves the great vitality of Marxism, and on the other hand requires us to use Marxism’s basic principles and basic methods to creatively resolve new problems. The new task of our country’s Marxist theory work in the new period, is that we have to research Socialist modernization construction and the new situation, new experiences and new questions of complete reform from all aspects of economy, politics, culture and society, and explore the construction of rules of Socialism with Chinese characteristics; at the same time, we must research new changes in the contemporary world, research all sorts of contemporary ideological trends, and critically absorb and summarize the newest achievements of scientific development in all categories. Only by starting from reality, taking practice as the sole criterion to examine truth, courageously breaking through in judgements and verdicts that have been proved through practice to be incorrect or that aren’t adapted to changed circumstances, and by not using fossilized concepts to judge life, Marxism can advance following life and guide the advance of life. Persisting in Marxism is not discussed. Making Marxism into an ossified dogma is wrong; denying the basic principles of Marxism, and thinking that Marxism is “out of date” and blindly worshipping some philosophies and sociologies of the capitalist class, is also wrong.

In Socialist practice, modernization construction and complete reform are extremely complex and innovative undertakings, and there is no, and there can be no readily available answer, different opinions in theory and work can appear regularly. We must determinedly implement the principle of “letting a hundred flowers bloom and a hundred schools content”, support and encourage bold exploration and free discussion with scientific research at the basis, and make Marxist theoretical research become enormously dynamic, and make all policymaking be established on the basis of increasing democracy and science. Decisions on policies and plans must observe the principle of democratic centralism. Academic and artistic issues must respect the principle of abiding by the provisions of the Constitutions, and implement academic freedom, creative freedom, freedom of discussion and freedom of criticism and counter-criticism. The objective of acting in this way is to correctly give rein to the guiding function of Marxism for the academy and artistry, create a stable and united environment necessary for scientific and cultural development and a harmonious atmosphere, and making them serve the people and serve Socialism even better.

Party members and cadres, and especially leading cadres and cadres engaging in ideological work, must pioneer the earnest study of Marxism. Without earnest study, persisting and development have no basis to speak of. Among the masses and especially the youth, the study of Marxism must also be vigorously advocated. We must integrate the basic principles of Marxism with the Party line, policies and principles and education of the circumstances and education about revolutionary history, integrate it with the study of all sorts of historical, cultural and scientific knowledge, and integrate it with the ideological state of the masses, overcome the tendency to overlook Marxist theoretical study, and overcome studying content that is removed from reality and the flaws of formalism, monotony and dullness.

VIII, The tasks of Party organizations and Party members in spiritual civilization construction

The working class is the leading class of our country. The vanguard of the working class is the Chinese Communist Party, which is the core force leading our country’s Socialist modernization construction. The tasks of all levels’ Party organizations and the broad Party members in spiritual civilization construction, are first, to strengthen their own spiritual civilization construction, and especially do the Party style well; and second, to organize and promote the spiritual civilization construction of the whole society with exemplary actions and arduous work.

The problems of Party style are problems relating to the Party’s life and death. Our party is a governing party with the political power to lead the entire country, whether Party members and cadres serve the people with their entire hearts and minds, or act as bureaucrats and overlords, abuse their power for personal gain, override the people and act tyrannically has become an especially major question in Party style construction. Since the 3rd Plenum of the 11th Party Congress, clear achievements have been obtained through brining order out of chaos and completely rectifying the Party, in aspects of  resuming and carrying forward the Party’s fine work style of linking theory and practice, and realistically linking the masses and self-criticism. But it must be pointed out that the struggle of opposing unhealthy trends is one of long duration, and we absolutely must determinedly and lastingly conduct it, and implemented into the entire process of reform, opening up and modernization construction. Constructing a good Party style and ideological education is very important, system construction is also very important. We must strive to reform and perfect Party organization structures and work structures, strictly implement Party discipline, establish and complete intra-Party supervision systems and popular supervision systems, and make all levels’ leading cadres obtain effective supervision

Communist Party members first and foremost are leading cadres, and shall be a model for the popular masses at all times and all places: models of working hard, and advancing by studying well, models of not being given to prattle and doing more things, models of persisting in reform, and daring to blaze new trails, models of safeguarding the interests of the masses, and leading the masses to achieve prosperity through hard work, and models of observing discipline and law, and struggling with unhealthy tendencies and unlawful activities. In short, be models for constructing both civilizations. Party organizations shall regularly discuss and inspect problems in the model function of Party members, reward advances and supervise those lagging behind.

Persisting in grasping both civilizations under new circumstances, is a new issue faced by the entire Party. All levels’ Party organizations from the Centre to the grass-roots, must use even more time and energy to strengthen leadership over spiritual civilization construction. We must strive to find out the rules, research policies, organize and coordinate forces on all sides, firmly do work well, and not commit formalism.

Ideological and political work is a forceful guarantee for economic work and other work. We must adapt to the requirements of the new period, and initiate a new path in ideological and political work. Regardless of which work aspects cadres engage in, they must all be upright in their work. Leading cadres must regularly go to labourers, peasants and intellectuals, encourage them to incessantly raise ideological and professional levels, win the trust of the masses through enthusiastically serving the masses and being highly effective in work, and fully give rein to the function of ideological and political work.

This Resolution stresses the settlement of questions of further clarifying spiritual civilization construction guidance policies under new circumstances. Party organizations in all departments, all localities and all work units shall integrate the guiding policies of the Centre with their own real situation, make concrete implementation plans and arrangements. The Centre will strengthen guidance in this aspect.

The Chinese People’s Liberation Army is the steel Great Wall protecting the motherland and an important force in constructing the motherland, is an army with a high ideological consciousness, fine moral qualities and strict organizational discipline, and has a huge spiritual influence over the entire nation. The Army must strengthen its own spiritual civilization construction, and vigorously participate in nationwide spiritual civilization construction. For work relating to this aspect, the Central Military Commission will make deployments according to the spirit of this Resolution and the characteristics of the Army.

The Plenum calls upon all Party organizations and all Party comrades to earnestly study and discuss this resolution, raise understanding, unify ideologies, realistically strengthen Socialist spiritual civilization construction work, and push the great cause of constructing the two civilizations and complete development towards progress.

 

 

中共中央关于社会主义精神文明建设指导方针的决议

（中国共产党第十二届中央委员会第六次全体会议一九八六年九月二十八日通过）

中国共产党第十二届中央委员会第六次全体会议，根据党的第十二次全国代表大会关于在建设物质文明的同时努力建设社会主义精神文明的战略决策，以及一九八五年党的全国代表会议的精神，根据我国全面改革发展的要求，回顾和讨论了几年来精神文明建设的成就和面临的问题。全会认为，适应新的形势，进一步明确社会主义精神文明建设的指导方针，加强这方面的工作，对于保证社会主义现代化建设事业的顺利发展，具有重大的现实意义和长远意义。

一、社会主义精神文明建设的战略地位

我国社会主义现代化建设的总体布局是：以经济建设为中心，坚定不移地进行经济体制改革，坚定不移地进行政治体制改革，坚定不移地加强精神文明建设，并且使这几个方面互相配合，互相促进。全党同志必须从这个总体布局的高度，正确认识社会主义精神文明建设的战略地位。

以马克思主义为指导的社会主义精神文明是社会主义社会的重要特征。在社会主义时期，物质文明为精神文明的发展提供物质条件和实践经验，精神文明又为物质文明的发展提供精神动力和智力支持，为它的正确发展方向提供有力的思想保证。社会主义精神文明建设，是关系社会主义兴衰成败的大事。

十一届三中全会以来，随着拨乱反正的胜利和全面改革的展开，随着物质文明建设的发展，社会主义精神文明建设取得了重大进展。我们党解放思想，坚持实事求是的思想路线，发挥马克思主义的科学精神和创造活力，对社会主义的认识突破一系列僵化观念而提高到新的水平；全国安定团结，民主法制逐步健全，广大干部和群众的积极性显著提高；群众性的精神文明建设活动广泛展开，积累了许多新鲜经验；尊重知识、尊重人才的社会风尚开始树立，教育科学文化日趋繁荣；党的优良传统在发扬，党风和社会风气在好转。这是主流。同时必须看到，精神文明建设在许多方面同社会主义现代化建设、同改革和开放的形势不相适应，对精神文明建设的重要性还缺乏足够的认识，实际工作中指导方针的问题还没有完全解决，党内和社会上一些严重的消极现象还有待我们用很大努力去消除。全面地估计精神文明建设的现状，充分地认识加强精神文明建设的紧迫性和长期性，才能坚持不懈地把这方面工作抓上去，否则就会贻误全局。

改革是社会主义制度的自我完善和发展。它的全面展开，是近几年来我国形势发生巨大变化的一个重要标志。全面改革和对外开放给社会主义事业带来强大活力，对精神文明建设是巨大的促进。随着社会主义商品经济的发展和社会主义民主政治的完善，人们的思想意识、精神状态发生深刻的变化，同时也对精神文明建设提出新的更高的要求。能不能适应这种要求，形成有利于社会主义现代化建设和全面改革的舆论力量、价值观念、文化条件和社会环境，有力地抵制资本主义和封建主义的腐朽思想，防止种种迷失方向的危险，振奋起全国各族人民的巨大热情和创造精神，用几代人的努力建设起社会主义现代化强国，这是一个历史性的重大考验。应当相信，我们有党的正确领导，有马克思主义的指引，有社会 主义的基本经济制度和基本经济政策，有人民民主政权和社会主义法制，尤其是有广大人民对社会主义建设和改革的坚决拥护，只要在大力推进物质文明建设的同时不断加强社会主义精神文明建设，就一定能够达到实现社会主义现代化的目的。

总之，社会主义精神文明建设的战略地位，决定了它必须是推动社会主义现代化建设的精神文明建设，必须是促进全面改革和实行对外开放的精神文明建设，必须是坚持四项基本原则的精神文明建设。这就是社会主义精神文明建设的基本指导方针。

二、社会主义精神文明建设的根本任务

社会主义精神文明建设的根本任务，是适应社会主义现代化建设的需要，培育有理想、有道德、有文化、有纪律的社会主义公民，提高整个中华民族的思想道德素质和科学文化素质。

人的素质是历史的产物，又给历史以巨大影响。在社会主义条件下，努力改善全体公民的素质，必将使社会劳动生产率不断提高，使人和人之间在公有制基础上的新型关系不断发展，使整个社会的面貌发生深刻的变化。这是我国社会主义现代化事业获得成功的必不可少的条件。

精神文明建设，包括思想道德建设和教育科学文化建设两个方面，渗透在整个物质文明建设之中，体现在经济、政治、文化、社会生活的各个方面。加强精神文明建设，不单是思想文教部门的任务，而且是各条战线和一切部门的任务，是全党全军和全国各族工人、农民、知识分子和其他劳动者、爱国者的共同的长期的任务。

在我国社会主义改造基本完成以后，党在长时期内的重大失误，就是没有把工作重点转移到经济建设上来，仍然坚持以阶级斗争为纲，轻视教育科学文化建设，极端夸大意识形态领域的阶级斗争，直到发生“文化大革命”那场内乱。我们党总结历史经验，明确指出现阶段我国社会的主要矛盾是人民日益增长的物质文化需要同落后的社会生产之间的矛盾；阶级斗争在一定范围内仍将长期存在，但已经不是主要矛盾，我国社会存在的矛盾大多数不具有阶级斗争的性质。加强精神文明建设，就要牢记历史教训，正确处理社会主义社会的各种矛盾，坚持对思想性质的问题采取讨论的方法、说理的方法、批评和自我批评的方法，就是说，用教育和疏导的方法去解决；坚持一切着眼于建设，把注意力集中到团结人民、充分发挥人民的社会主义积极性和创造精神上来，集中到满足人民的文化和精神需要上来，集中到加强思想道德建设和教育科学文化建设上来，归根到底，集中到促进社会生产力的发展上来。

近代世界和中国的历史都表明，拒绝接受外国的先进科学文化，任何国家任何民族要发展进步都是不可能的。闭关自守只能停滞落后。我们坚决摒弃维护剥削和压迫的资本主义思想体系和社会制度，摒弃资本主义的一切丑恶腐朽的东西，但是必须下大决心用大力气，把当代世界各国包括资本主义发达国家的先进的科学技术、具有普遍适用性的经济行政管理经验和其他有益文化学到手，并在实践中加以检验和发展。不这样做就是愚昧，就不能实现现代化。对外开放作为一项不可动摇的基本国策，不仅适用于物质文明建设，而且适用于精神文明建设。

中华民族是有悠久历史和文化的伟大民族，在古代文明史上长期处于世界的前列。在近代，由于封建制度的腐朽和帝国主义的侵略而落后了。辛亥革命、五四运动和中国共产党领导的人民大革命，带来中国历史的巨大变化。新中国的成立，在社会主义基础上开始了伟大的中国文明的复兴。自从我们国家以党的十一届三中全会为标志进入了新的历史发展时期，更赋予这个复兴以新的强大生机和活力。这个复兴，不但将创造出高度发达的物质文明，而且将创造出以马克思主义为指导的，批判继承历史传统而又充分体现时代精神的，立足本国而又面向世界的，这样一种高度发达的社会主义精神文明。

三、用共同理想动员和团结全国各族人民

建设有中国特色的社会主义，把我国建设成为高度文明、高度民主的社会主义现代化国家，这就是现阶段我国各族人民的共同理想。到本世纪末，要使我国经济达到小康水平；到下世纪中叶，接近世界发达国家水平。这个共同理想，集中了我国工人、农民、知识分子和其他劳动者、爱国者的利益和愿望，是保证全体人民在政治上、道义上和精神上团结一致，克服任何困难，争取胜利的强大的精神武器。为了实现这个共同理想，一切有利于建设四化、振兴中华、统一祖国的积极思想和精神，一切有利于民族团结、社会进步、人民幸福的积极思想和精神，一切用诚实劳动争取美好生活的积极思想和精神，都应当加以尊重、保护和发扬。这样，才能在团结一切可能团结的力量来建设社会主义的问题上，真正克服长期造成严重危害的狭隘观点，使共产党员和非共产党员，马克思主义者和非马克思主义者，无神论者和宗教信仰者，国内同胞和国外侨胞，总之，使全体劳动者和爱国者，都紧密地团结起来，积极地行动起来，为实现共同理想而奋斗。

我们党的最高理想是建立各尽所能、按需分配的共产主义社会。无论过去、现在和将来，这个最高理想都是我们共产党人和先进分子的力量源泉和精神支柱。而建设有中国特色的社会主义，则是实现最高理想的必经阶段。对于我们共产党人来说，为建设有中国特色的社会主义而奋斗，也就是为党的最高理想而奋斗。如果在这个现实斗争中不忠诚、不热情，那就是有意无意地背离党的最高理想，就不是一个自觉的共产主义者。因此，共产党员、共青团员和先进分子都要同广大工人、农民、知识分子一道，把共同理想同各行各业、各个地方、各个集体的发展目标和建设任务结合起来，同各自的岗位职责和人生追求结合起来，立志建设，立志改革，艰苦奋斗，勤俭建国，脚踏实地干事业。在我们时代，荣誉属于为建设祖国、保卫祖国而坚韧不拔，压倒一切困难，做出卓越贡献和光辉榜样的人们。

社会主义现代化建设的成就越大，广大人民群众对实现共同理想的信念就越坚定。要善于运用建设和改革的现实成就和群众的切身经验，进行生动的理想教育。同时要采取多种形式，帮助广大干部和群众特别是青年逐步深入地理解马克思主义世界观和社会发展规律，理解我们民族的光辉历史和革命传统，理解百多年来我们民族的深重灾难和反帝反封建的英勇斗争，理解当代世界的进步、矛盾和人类的前途，以提高民族的自尊心、自信心和自豪感，把理想建立在科学基础之上。

我们的爱国主义是和国际主义紧密联系在一起的。中国的发展进步是世界发展进步的一部分。我国人民在同世界各国人民的交往中，要坚持和平友好、平等互利、互相支持、互相学习。中国社会主义现代化建设的胜利，是对反对霸权主义、维护世界和平、争取人类进步事业的贡献。

四、树立和发扬社会主义的道德风尚

社会主义道德建设的基本要求，是爱祖国、爱人民、爱劳动、爱科学、爱社会主义。要使“五爱”在社会生活的各个方面体现出来，在全国各民族之间，工人农民知识分子之间，军民之间，干部群众之间，家庭内部和邻里之间，以至人民内部的一切相互关系上，建立和发展平等、团结、友爱、互助的社会主义新型关系。

道德是经济基础的反映，而不是脱离历史发展的抽象观念。我国还处在社会主义的初级阶段，不但必须实行按劳分配，发展社会主义的商品经济和竞争，而且在相当长历史时期内，还要在公有制为主体的前提下发展多种经济成分，在共同富裕的目标下鼓励一部分人先富裕起来。在这样的历史条件下，全民范围的道德建设，就应当肯定由此而来的人们在分配方面的合理差别，同时鼓励人们发扬国家利益、集体利益、个人利益相结合的社会主义集体主义精神，发扬顾全大局、诚实守信、互助友爱和扶贫济困的精神。社会主义道德所要反对的，是一切损人利己、损公肥私、金钱至上、以权谋私、欺诈勒索的思想和行为，而决不是否定按劳分配和商品经济，决不能把平均主义当作我们社会的道德准则。同时必须指出，社会主义是向共产主义高级阶段前进的历史运动。我们社会的先进分子，为了人民的利益和幸福，为了共产主义理想，站在时代潮流前面，奋力开拓，公而忘私，勇于献身，必要时不惜牺牲自己的生命，这种崇高的共产主义道德，应当在全社会认真提倡。共产党员首先是领导干部，尤其要坚定不移地身体力行。总之，在道德建设上，一定要从实际出发，鼓励先进，照顾多数，把先进性的要求同广泛性的要求结合起来，这样才能连结和引导不同觉悟程度的人们一起向上，形成凝聚亿万人民的强大精神力量。

在我们社会的各行各业，都要大力加强职业道德建设。首先是党和国家机关的干部，要公正廉洁，忠诚积极，全心全意为人民服务，反对官僚主义、弄虚作假、利用职权谋取私利。还要加强那些直接为广大群众日常生活服务的部门的职业道德建设，反对和纠正带有行业特点的不正之风。在我们社会里，人人都是服务对象，人人又都为他人服务。我们社会对人的关心，社会的安宁和人们之间关系的和谐，是同各个岗位上的服务态度、服务质量密切相关的。

在社会公共生活中，要大力发扬社会主义人道主义精神，尊重人，关心人，特别要注意保护儿童，尊重妇女，尊敬老人，尊敬烈军属和荣誉军人，关心帮助鳏寡孤独和残疾人。要遵守公共秩序，讲文明礼貌。要提倡人人爱护公共财物，保护环境和资源，自觉履行对国家和社会的义务。在国家安全受到威胁，社会公共安全受到危害的时候，要挺身而出，英勇斗争。

在广大城乡要积极开展移风易俗的活动，提倡文明健康科学的生活方式，克服社会风俗习惯中还存在的愚昧落后的东西。婚嫁丧葬中的陋习要改革，封建迷信要破除。这种改革，要在尊重健康民俗的前提下，在自愿基础上，由群众自己来进行，共产党员、共青团员要率先倡导。

社会主义道德作为人类文明中道德发展的新境界，它必然要批判地继承人类历史上一切优良道德传统，并要同各种腐朽思想道德作斗争。封建道德在我国影响很深，今天我们社会关系中残存的宗法观念、特权思想、专制作风、拉帮结伙、男尊女卑等，本质上都是封建遗毒的反映。由于半殖民地社会历史条件而产生的奴化思想，以及资本主义的腐朽思想，在我国也有很深影响，并且往往同封建腐朽思想相结合。因此，从社会生活各方面克服这些腐朽思想道德的影响，是艰巨的长期的工作。

五、加强社会主义民主、法制、纪律的教育

高度民主是社会主义的伟大目标之一，也是社会主义精神文明在国家和社会生活中的重要体现。在人类历史上，在新兴资产阶级和劳动人民反对封建专制制度的斗争中，形成民主和自由、平等、博爱的观念，是人类精神的一次大解放。马克思主义批判地继承资产阶级的这些观念，又同它们有原则的区别。从根本上说，资产阶级民主是为维护资本主义制度服务的。社会主义在消灭阶级压迫和剥削的基础上，为充分实现人民当家做主，把民主推向新的历史高度开辟了道路。我国社会主义发展中的主要历史教训，一是没有集中力量发展经济，二是没有切实建设民主政治。十一届三中全会以来，我们党强调没有民主就没有社会主义现代化，强调民主要制度化法律化，强调党必须在宪法和法律的范围内活动，切实推进党和国家政治生活的民主化、经济管理的民主化、整个社会生活的民主化。近来中央着重提出政治体制改革，就是要在坚持党的领导和人民民主专政的基础上，改革和完善党和国家的领导制度，进一步扩大社会主义民主，健全社会主义法制，以适应社会主义现代化建设的需要。这是一项非常复杂的工作，中央将经过充分调查研究，作出部署，有领导有步骤地进行。

民主和法制、纪律不可分。社会主义法制，体现人民意志，保障人民的合法权利和利益，调节人们之间的关系，规范和约束人们的行动，制裁和打击各种危害社会的不法行为。不要社会主义民主的法制，决不是社会主义法制；不要社会主义法制的民主，决不是社会主义民主。只有大力加强以宪法为根本的社会主义法制，加强劳动纪律和工作纪律，同实际生活中种种压制和破坏民主的行为作斗争，才能推进并保证经济建设和全面改革的顺利发展，维护国家的长治久安。搞资产阶级自由化，即否定社会主义制度、主张资本主义制度，是根本违背人民利益和历史潮流，为广大人民所坚决反对的。

加强社会主义民主和法制的建设，根本问题是教育人。要从小学开始，在进行理想、道德、文明礼貌等教育的同时，进行民主、法制和纪律的教育。要在全体人民中坚持不懈地普及法律常识，增强社会主义的公民意识，使人们懂得公民的基本权利和义务，懂得与自己工作和生活直接有关的法律和纪律，养成守法遵纪的良好习惯。公民都要遵守宪法，党员还要遵守党章。在法纪面前人人平等，绝不允许有任何超越法律和纪律的特殊人物，这应当成为我国政治和社会生活中不可动摇的准则。

人民民主专政是保护人民、保卫四化的强有力武器。要依法打击一切破坏我国社会主义制度的敌对分子，依法惩处经济罪犯和其他刑事罪犯，依法禁止和取缔卖淫、吸毒、赌博、传播淫秽录像书刊等危害人民的违法犯罪行为。

六、普及和提高教育科学文化

教育科学文化既是物质文明建设的重要条件，也是提高人民群众思想道德觉悟水平的重要条件。当今世界，科学越来越成为推动历史进步的革命力量，成为代表一个民族文明水平的重要标志。我们进行现代化建设，应当更加自觉地依靠科学，发扬尊重科学、追求知识的精神，努力在全民族范围扎扎实实地组织教育科学文化的普及和提高。

教育、科学、文学艺术、新闻出版、广播影视、卫生、体育、文物、图书馆、博物馆等各项文化事业，都有各自的重要作用。要从我国地域辽阔、经济文化发展不平衡的实际出发，争取使这些事业获得一个大的发展。尤其是教育和科学，作为整个社会主义现代化建设的战略重点，如果得不到应有的发展，不但精神文明建设上不去，经济建设也将没有后劲。国家要从政策上、资金上保证这些事业的发展，并且鼓励社会各方面力量支持这些事业。各地都要制订文化事业发展的具体规划，并象完成经济建设任务一样，确保完成文化建设任务。

我国文化事业的社会主义性质，要求必须把社会效益作为最高标准。要努力提高精神产品质量以满足群众的广泛需要，并且进行文化管理体制的改革，改善经营管理，促进文化事业的蓬勃发展。

教育科学文化工作者在精神文明建设中担负着光荣艰巨的使命，应当认识时代和人民的要求，努力提高自己的思想道德素质和业务素质。各级领导机关，要通过多种途径，引导和组织知识分子同人民群众创造新生活的丰富实践结合起来，广泛吸收他们参与各方面建设和改革工作的咨询和决策；对有突出贡献的人才和重点工作，从条件上给予有力支持；对优秀精神产品和优秀工作者给予精神和物质奖励，特别要办好若干种代表我们民族科学文化水平的、被视为崇高荣誉的奖励。尊重知识、尊重人才，在我们各方面实际工作中仍是有待进一步解决的重大课题。知识分子地位的真正提高和作用的充分发挥，工人农民知识分子的亲密团结和共同奋斗，是现代化建设必定成功的可靠保证。

七、马克思主义在精神文明建设中的指导作用

坚持以马列主义、毛泽东思想为指导，是我国社会主义现代化事业的根本，也是社会主义精神文明建设的根本。作为工人阶级的科学世界观和全人类精神文明的伟大成果的马克思主义，是社会主义事业和党的领导的理论基础，是社会主义意识形态的最重要的组成部分，对整个精神文明建设起着重大的指导作用。我们的理想建设、道德建设、文化建设、民主法制观念建设，都离不开马克思主义的指导，离不开马克思主义的理论建设。

马克思主义是在历史和科学的前进中不断丰富和发展的科学，它并没有结束真理，而是在实践中不断地开辟认识真理的道路。中国和世界已经和正在类生的巨大变化，一方面证明马克思主义的伟大生命力，一方面要求我们运用马克思主义的基本原则和基本方法，创造性地解决新问题。新时期我国马克思主义理论工作的任务，就是要从经济、政治、文化、社会各方面，研究社会主义现代化建设和全面改革的新情况、新经验、新问题，探索建设具有中国特色的社会主义的规律；同时要研究当代世界的新变化，研究当代各种思潮，批判地吸取和概括各门科学发展的最新成果。只有从实际出发，以实践作为检验真理的唯一标准，勇于突破那些已被实践证明是不正确的或不适合变化了的情况的判断和结论，而不是用僵化观念来裁判生活，马克思主义才能随着生活前进并指导生活前进。这既是坚持马克思主义，又是发展马克思主义，两者统一在革命和建设的实践之中。离开实践的观点，发展的观点，创造的观点，就谈不上坚持马克思主义。把马克思主义当作僵死的教条，是错误的；否定马克思主义的基本原则，认为马克思主义“过时”而盲目崇拜资产阶级某些哲学和社会学说，也是错误的。

社会主义在实践中，现代化建设和全面改革是极其复杂的创新事业，没有也不可能有现成的答案，理论上和工作上的不同意见是会经常发生的。必须坚决执行“百花齐放、百家争鸣”的方针，支持和鼓励以科学研究为基础的大胆探索和自由争论，使马克思主义的理论研究大大活跃起来，使各项决策建立在更加民主和科学的基础之上。政策和计划的决定，要遵守民主集中制原则。学术和艺术问题，要遵守宪法规定的原则，实行学术自由，创作自由，讨论自由，批评和反批评自由。这样做的目的，是正确发挥马克思主义对学术和艺术的指导作用，造成科学文化发展所必需的安定团结的环境和民主和谐的气氛，使它们更好地为人民服务、为社会主义服务。

党员干部尤其是领导干部和从事意识形态工作的干部，要带头认真学习马克思主义。没有认真的学习，坚持和发展就无从谈起。在群众特别是青年中，也必须积极倡导学习马克思主义。要把马克思主义基本原理的教育同党的路线方针政策和形势教育、革命传统教育结合起来，同各种历史文化科学知识的学习结合起来，同群众的思想状况结合起来，克服忽视马克思主义理论学习的倾向，克服学习内容脱离实际和形式呆板单调的缺点。

八、党组织和党员在精神文明建设中的责任

工人阶级是我国的领导阶级。工人阶级的先锋队中国共产党，是领导我国社会主义现代化建设的核心力量。各级党组织和广大党员在精神文明建设中的责任，一是加强自身的精神文明建设，特别是搞好党风；二是以模范行动和艰苦工作，组织和推动全社会的精神文明建设。

党风问题是关系党的生死存亡的问题。我们党作为领导全国政权的政党，党员干部是全心全意为人民服务，还是做官当老爷，以权谋私，凌驾于人民之上作威作福，成为党风建设中一个特别重大的问题。十一届三中全会以来，通过拨乱反正和全面整党，在恢复和发扬党的理论联系实际、密切联系群众和自我批评的优良作风方面，取得了显著成效。但是必须指出，反对不正之风的斗争是长期的，一定要坚决持久地进行下去，贯穿于改革、开放和现代化建设的全过程。建设好的党风，思想教育很重要，制度建设也很重要。必须努力改革和完善党的组织制度和工作制度，严格执行党的纪律，建立和健全党内监督制度和人民监督制度，使各级领导干部得到有效的监督。

共产党员首先是领导干部，应当随时随地在人民群众中做模范：做努力工作、好学上进的模范，做不尚空谈、多干实事的模范，做坚持改革、勇于开拓的模范，做维护群众利益、带领群众勤劳致富的模范，做遵纪守法、同不正之风和违法犯罪行为作斗争的模范。一句话，做两个文明建设的模范。党组织应当经常讨论和检查党员起模范作用的问题，表扬先进，督促后进。

在新形势下坚持两个文明一起抓，是全党面临的新课题。从中央到基层的各级党组织，必须用更多的时间和精力来加强对精神文明建设的领导。要努办摸索规律，研究政策，组织和协调各方面力量，扎扎实实地做好工作，不搞形式主义。

思想政治工作是经济工作和其他工作的有力保证。要努力适应新时期的需要，开创思想政治工作的新路子。无论从事哪方面工作的干部，都要做人的工作。领导干部要经常到工人、农民和知识分子中间去，同群众一起商量解决人们普遍关心的各种思想问题和实际问题。要建设好一支精干的思想政治工作队伍，关心和帮助他们的工作，鼓励他们不断提高思想和业务水平，以热情为群众服务的行动和卓有成效的工作来赢得群众信任，充分发挥思想政治工作的作用。

本决议着重解决新形势下进一步明确精神文明建设指导方针的问题。各部门、各地方、各单位的党组织应当把中央的指导方针同自己的实际情况结合起来，作出具体实施的规划和安排。中央将在这方面加强指导。

中国人民解放军是保卫祖国的钢铁长城和建设祖国的重要力量，是一支有高度思想觉悟、良好道德品质和严格组织纪律的军队，对全民族有巨大的精神影响。军队要加强自身的精神文明建设，积极参加全国精神文明建设。有关这方面的工作，由中央军委按照决议精神和军队的特点作出部署。

全会号召党的所有组织和全党同志，认真学习讨论这个决议，提高认识，统一思想，切实加强社会主义精神文明建设的工作，把两个文明建设和全面改革的伟大事业推向前进。